Let $S(G^{sigma})$ be the skew-adjacency matrix of the oriented graph $G^{sigma}$, which is obtained from a simple undirected graph $G$ by assigning an orientation $sigma$ to each of its edges. The skew energy of an oriented graph $G^{sigma}$ is defined as the sum of absolute values of all eigenvalues of $S(G^{sigma})$. Two oriented graphs are said to be skew equienergetic iftheir skew energies...

This study builds on Laufer and Hulstijn’s (2001) motivational-cognitive construct of task-induced involvement in learning vocabulary and addresses itself to its strong claim that the depth of processing is the overriding factor in learning words. The paper first re-examines the effect of processing load and then of task type on the initial learning and retention of words. To do so, 60 EFL lear...

Based on a basic emotions perspective, a dominant view in psychology is that the primary function of the amygdala is to govern the emotion of fear. In this view, the amygdala is necessary for a person to feel afraid, and when amygdala activity is detected, one can infer that a person is feeling afraid or threatened. In this paper, we review current research on amygdala function that calls into ...

BACKGROUND Obesity is more prevalent for disabled people (estimated as being between 27-62%) compared to the general population (17-22%). Disabled people are more likely to report poorer general health and acquire a range of obesity-related secondary conditions. Although there are many physical activity and nutrition initiatives aimed at obesity prevention, little is known about whether these o...

the people’s republic of china is an ever rising world power and islamic republic of iran is one of the most powerful countries in the persian gulf region. the ever increasing world needs for oil and the role of iran and persian gulf in satisfying this need has made these relations more significant. the foreign policy of the fifth generation of leadership in people’s republic of china towards t...

We conduct a novel meta-analysis of ecosystem service economic valuation results restricted to wetlands of the contiguous US. We focus our analysis on the estimation of benefits that wetlands contribute to water quality and flood and storm protection services. We developed a new statistical approach to enhance the accuracy and flexibility of our meta-analysis while maintaining a systematic appr...

Sustainability is a key societal challenge and has become an opportunity for innovation. While start-ups are prone to enter such new territories, established companies more hesitant leave current trajectories embrace uncertainty linked sustainability-oriented exploration. We present case of conventional high-tech firm owner-manager whose strong values universalism led him initialise diversifica...

Abstract What do citizens want? How think public servants should behave? Although such questions seem straightforward, little is known about the values expect to uphold. This paper therefore identifies through extensive coding of qualitative data from representative samples United States ( n = 395), Dutch 369), and South Korean 379) citizens. Surprisingly, contrasting assumptions in literature ...