Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an unusual presentation of esotropia that occurs after infancy. This study was aimed to study the clinical features and the differences between children and adult patients with AACE in the Chinese populations.This was a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with AACE over 4 years; 69 patients (25 females and 44 males) were identified. The patie...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical screening program for untreated amblyopia in 3-year-old children conducted by orthoptists in all German kindergartens in the year 2000. METHODS A cost-utility analysis was performed for which a decision tree was combined with a Markov model. Incremental costs and effects during the children's remaining lifetime were esti...

PURPOSE The second Cambridge Infant Vision Screening Program examined whether screening for accommodative errors by using videorefraction without cycloplegia could effectively serve as a first stage of screening for refractive errors, measured by standard cycloplegic retinoscopy. The screening also included an orthoptic examination for detection of strabismus. METHODS All infants born in the ...

Occlusion of the sound eye (conventional occlusion) introduced by Buffon (I 743) was the only treatment for amblyopia until Bangerter (I953) introduced occlusion of the amblyopic eye (non-conventional or inverse occlusion) combined with pleoptic treatment in cases of amblyopia with eccentric fixation. Mackensen, Kroner, and Postic (I965), von Noorden (I965), Posti6 (I966), Borgmann and Dielefel...

PURPOSE To assess possible refractive changes according to age and strabismus in a statistically significant cohort. METHODS A population-based sample of 12,534 subjects 0.5 to 20 years old, examined between 2004 and 2006, was tested. Each subject received a complete orthoptic examination, including spherocylindrical streak retinoscopy in cycloplegia. Patients were divided into those with ort...

PURPOSE An earlier study suggested that deficits of vergence can influence postural control via the efferent and afferent proprioceptive signals. In this study, postural control in 28 children with vertigo with normal vestibular function but with vergence abnormalities and in 19 normal children of comparable age was assessed with orthoptic tests. METHODS A posturography platform was used to e...

PURPOSE To assess, among children with low literacy and poor stereoacuity, the efficacy of two intervention programs on child vision and education compared to a control program. METHODS Eighty-eight children aged 8 to 13 years who had reading problems, and demonstrated poor stereoacuity as measured by the Titmus stereocircle test (> 100 seconds arc) or computerized assessment were randomized ...

A fundamental difference exists, from the sensory viewpoint, between the cases of constant squint developing before the third year of life and all the other forms of oculomotor imbalance. The first group is the one considered in the literature as that of "strabismus with anomalous correspondence". Must we consider the "anomalous correspondence" of these subjects as a system of corresponding ret...

THE treatment of amblyopia and eccentric fixation is said to be associated with special problems. In some centres pleoptics have been used, but the need for trained staff and special equipment can pose difficult problems. The harmful effects of conventional occlusion of the fixing eye have been stressed by Arruga (1962). Recently, Brinker and Katz (1963) have drawn attention to the fact that, a...