OBJECTIVES To evaluate dry eye disease (DED) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and compare with healthy individuals. METHODS The study was conducted in the Ophthalmology and Endocrinology Department of Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, a tertiary care center in Istanbul, Turkey, between January and December 2015. In this prospective case-controlled study, dry eye disease test...

Organisms exposed to the damaging effects of high osmolarity accumulate solutes to increase cytoplasmic osmolarity. Yeast accumulates glycerol in response to osmotic stress, activated primarily by MAP kinase Hog1 signaling. A pathway regulated by protein kinase C (PKC1) also responds to changes in osmolarity and cell wall integrity. C. elegans accumulates glycerol when exposed to high osmolarit...

Lichens result from symbioses between a fungus and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. They are known to exhibit extreme desiccation tolerance. We investigated the mechanism that makes photobionts biologically active under severe desiccation using green algal lichens (chlorolichens), cyanobacterial lichens (cyanolichens), a cephalodia-possessing lichen composed of green algal and cyanobact...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating acute radiological contrast effects in fluid restriction situations, observing renal and cardiovascular effects after intra-arterial injection of high osmolarity radiological contrast. METHODS Participated in this study 16 dogs anesthetized with sodium thiopental (15 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (0.03 mL.kg-1), followed by continuous infusion ...

Mouse and rat skeletal muscles are capable of a regulatory volume increase (RVI) after they shrink (volume loss resultant from exposure to solutions of increased osmolarity) and that this RVI occurs mainly by a Na-K-Cl-Cotransporter (NKCC)-dependent mechanism. With high-intensity exercise, increased extracellular osmolarity is accompanied by large increases in extracellular [lactate⁻]. We hypot...

Curli fibers could be described as a virulence factor able to confer adherence properties to both abiotic and eukaryotic surfaces. The ability to adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions through signal transduction pathways is crucial for the growth and pathogenicity of bacteria. OmpR was shown to activate csgD expression, resulting in curli production. The CpxR regulator was shown to...

In the milieu of urinary tract, urine is subject to changes in osmolarity depending on host’s diet and clinical condition. The present investigation was planned to study the effect of osmolarity on growth and elaboration of virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic and biofilm cell mode. Significant enhancement in growth and elaboration of all the virulence traits was observed w...

In the present study, the influence of short-term osmotic variations on some electrophysiological properties related to NaCl absorption across posterior gills of Chasmagnathus granulatus was investigated. The transepithelial potential difference (V(te)) of isolated and perfused gills increased significantly when hyposmotic saline (699 mosmol l(-1)) was used instead of isosmotic solution (1045 m...

OBJECTIVES This research aims to explore the association between serum osmolarity and mortality in patients who are critically ill with specific categories of disease. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data were extracted from an online database named 'Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II'. 16 598 patients were included. METHODS Patients w...

The driving force for renal water reabsorption is provided by the osmolarity gradient between the interstitium and the tubular lumen, which is subject to rapid physiologic variations as a consequence of water intake fluctuations. The effect of increased extracellular tonicity/osmolarity on vasopressin-inducible aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in immortalized mouse collecting duct principal cells ...