A lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was continuously operated to investigate the membrane fouling. A new membrane fouling mechanism: osmotic pressure mechanism in cake layer filtration process was identified. Osmotic pressure was proposed to stem from the retention of counter-ions in the matrix of biopolymers in cake layer. Through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray pho...

Abstract Osmotic energy, existing between solutions with different concentrations, is a sustainable and ecofriendly resource for solving energy issues. However, current membrane-based osmotic conversion technologies focus on electricity generation from an “open” system by directly mixing salt (NaCl) at room temperature. For the integrated utilization of thermal higher power output performance, ...

Salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that limit plant growth and productivity. Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is one of the native halophytic plants of Iran that widely spread in salt areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological and growth responses of S. herbacea to salinity stress. Plastic pods (15 cm diameter, 20 cm height) with the Silica sand bed w...

The pathogenicity of seven strains of Fusarium equiseti isolated from seabed soil was evaluated on different host plants showing pre and post emergence damage. Radial growth of 27 strains was measured on culture media previously adjusted to different osmotic potentials with either KCl or NaCl (-1.50 to -144.54 bars) at 15°, 25° and 35° C. Significant differences and interactive effects were obs...

food dehydration process in several reasons, causes deteriorate qualitative characteristics in final products. it is necessary to use some pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration. in this research, during osmotic dehydration of pear rings, the effects of concentration of sucrose solutions of 50 and 60 percent (w/w), in constant temperature of 30ºc, and reconstitution of osmotic solutions (unt...

This paper discusses the little-known fact that Donnan’s equilibrium criteria established over 100 years ago neglected coupling between ion concentrations and osmotic pressure. Such can be treated based on general thermodynamic considerations including solvent equilibrium, leading to a membrane potential consists of not only classical Donnan term but also an additional due pressure, existence e...