A growing number of online services, such as Google, Yahoo!, and Amazon, are starting to charge users for their storage. Customers often use these services to store valuable data such as email, family photos and videos, and disk backups. Today, a customer must entirely trust such external services to maintain the integrity of hosted data and return it intact. Unfortunately, no service is infall...

There are numerous ways of classifying the causes of anemia, and no one way is necessarily superior to another. It is equally important to appreciate the differences in the approaches to diagnosis between children and adults, men and women, and persons of different ethnic backgrounds. Regardless of the specific algorithm followed in evaluating anemia, it is essential that easily remediable caus...

Elasmobranchs, particularly sharks, function at speed and size extremes, exerting large forces on their cartilaginous skeletons while swimming. This casts doubt on the generalization that cartilaginous skeletons are mechanically inferior to bony skeletons, a proposition that has never been experimentally verified. We tested mineralized vertebral centra from seven species of elasmobranch fishes:...

Taxometrics is a statistical procedure for determining whether relationships among observables reflect the existence of a latent taxon (type, species, category, disease entity). A formal-numerical definition is needed because intuitive, commonsense notions of “carving nature at its joints” or “identifying natural kinds” cannot resolve disagreements as to taxonic reality for hard cases. Specific...

“I get a sinking feeling when I hear a client has been fingered by a DNA test,” a defense lawyer recently told us. “Seems there’s not much I can do but negotiate a guilty plea.” Promoters of forensic DNA testing have done a good job selling the public, and even many criminal defense lawyers, on the idea that DNA tests provide a unique and infallible identification. DNA evidence has sent thousan...

study the " medical" advertisements in the Indian press, in order to find out what diseases prevail in this part of India, and what progress has been made in the art of luring the unwary to purchase infallible specifics for their selfdiagnosed ailments. We have taken as fair specimens those advertisements which appeared in (two newspapers, published in English but owned, managed and edited by B...

The active learning (AL) framework is an increasingly popular strategy for reducing the amount of human labeling effort required to induce a predictive model. Most work in AL has assumed that a single, infallible oracle provides labels requested by the learner at a fixed cost. However, real-world applications suitable for AL often include multiple domain experts who provide labels of varying co...

piti, is generally looked npon as quite incurable. This I think, is the universal opinion of the natives of this country, and that it is generally shared in by European practitioners, seems sufficiently shown by the Leprosy-Report of 1867. Some time ago it occurred to me to try the effects of that invaluable medicinal agent, carbolic acid, and the results have been so favorable, that I think I ...

Collateral damage to esophagus with ablative therapies for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a major concern with percutaneous catheter based therapies. Endoscopically documented thermal injuries to the esophageal mucosa such as ulcerations or hemorrhages are seen in a significant percentage of patients undergoing AF ablation. [1,2] The reporting of occurrence of a fatal left atrio-oesophageal f...

Delusions and misperceptions about the body are a conspicuous feature of numerous neurological and psychiatric conditions. In stark contrast to such pathological cases, the immediacy and familiarity of our ordinary experience of our body can make it seem as if our representation of our body is highly accurate, even infallible. Recent research has begun to demonstrate, however, that large and sy...