Oxygen provides the substrate for most ATP production, but also serves as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cumulative macromolecular oxidative damage and cause aging. Pure oxygen atmospheres (100 kPa) are known to strongly reduce invertebrate lifespan and induce aging-related physiological changes. However, the nature of the relationship between atmospheric oxygen, ox...

The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell is exposed to chronic oxidative stress in part from exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen and in part, from its high level of oxygen metabolism which generates large amounts of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) [1,2]. Several in vitro models have been developed to study the effects of oxidative stress on RPE cells, but most of these utilize the...

The effect of stress (exerted by hydrostatic pressure of argon ambient enhanced up to 1.2 GPa) on the creation of oxygen-related defects in annealed Czochralski grown silicon (Cz-Si) was investigated. Concentrations of oxygen interstitials and of dislocations in Cz-Si samples with before-created nucleation centres for oxygen precipitation were markedly lower after pressure treatment at 1120 to ...

High oxygen solubility at cold-water temperature is frequently considered to be responsible for an apparently elevated level of antioxidant protection in marine ectotherms from polar environments. However, tissue oxidative stress is in most cases a function of elevated or variable pO2, rather than of an elevated tissue oxygen concentration. This review summarizes current knowledge on pro- and a...

This review focuses on the emerging evidence that attenuation of the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of inflammatory pathways play a central role in the antiaging cardiovascular effects of caloric restriction. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential role of the plasma membrane redox system in caloric restriction–induced pathways responsible for sensing oxidative stre...

Oxygen is an essential element to conduct life processes but some of the metabolic byproducts e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), are toxic for living organisms. Endogenous ROS are produced e.g. reduction of dioxygen; some exogenous sources of radicals also exist, including nicotine and ionizing radiation. Reactive oxygen species include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydro...

experimental and epidemiological evidences implicate the involvement of oxygen derived radicals in the pathogenesis of cancer development. oxygen derived radicals are able to cause damage to membranes, mitochondria and macromolecules including proteins, lipids and dna. accumulation of dna damages has been suggested to contribute to carcinogenesis. it would, therefore, be advantageous to pinpoin...

Background: Infertility is a major clinical and worldwide reproductive problem that affects approximately 15% of young couples. The male factors are responsible for periphery 50 percent of these cases. Recently, the generation of oxidative stress, also described as an imbalance between the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defence mechanisms, in the male rep...

The increased workload of the right heart due to pulmonary hypertension increases oxygen consumption of right ventricular cardiomyocytes because the mitochondria have to operate at a higher rate. Hypertrophy can normalize right ventricular wall stress, thereby also normalizing the rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria. However, hypertrophy may cause hypoxia in cardiomyocytes because intrac...

Based on the "free radical theory" of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data indicate that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important features of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. However, blanket strategies with an...