The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. It is generally accepted that pain intensity and duration have a negative impact on the QOL. One specific type of control is “self-efficacy”, or the belief that one has the ability to successfully engage in specif...

BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors play an important role in chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. Although psychosocial stress is likely to contribute to the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain, investigations are limited to work-related stress or examination of specific conditions such as upper limb pain. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence for an aetiological role of ...

Background and aims. Pain in musculoskeletal disorders is common medical problem, however frequently difficult to treat. That is why different methods of physical therapies have been tried with the controversial results. APS-therapy (Action Potential Simulation) falls under the broad definition of MET (Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation). MET may be a useful treatment for many pain-related dis...

INTRODUCTION Shoulder pain is the third most common musculoskeletal presentation in primary care after back and knee pain. Annually 1% of adults are likely to consult with new shoulder pain. The four most common underlying causes are rotator cuff disorders (85% of cases), glenohumeral disorders, acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) pathology, and referred neck pain. Although the vast majority of cases...

Background and aims: Nowadays, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most commonoccupational diseases. The prevention of these disorders requires a posture analysis during workand the improvement of working conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factorsfor musculoskeletal disorders and corrective priorities to perform the work by conducting postur...

Pain represents a frequent symptom in various psychiatric disorders ranging from so called psychogenic or somatoform disorders to depression, to schizophrenia and to organic brain syndromes including dementia. Th alamic lesions are long known to induce painful symptoms. Th e cortex is involved in pain awareness. Th e locus coeruleus modulates pain perception. Various facets of pain in a range o...