This paper presents a comparative study for three evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to the Optimal Reactive Power Planning (ORPP) problem: evolutionary programming, evolutionary strategy, and genetic algorithm. The ORPP problem is decomposed into Pand Q-optimization modules, and each module is optimized by the EAs in an iterative manner to obtain the global solution. The EA methods for the ORPP pro...

We derive a method for the determination of the dielectric constant and thickness of a thin dielectric layer, deposited on top of a thick dielectric layer which is in turn present on a metal film. Reflection of pand s-polarlzed light from the metal layer yields minima for certain angles of incidence where the light is absorbed by the metal. The thin dielectric layer causes shifts in the angles ...

Pandora is a recently proposed technique that extends classical Fault Tree Analysis to incorporate the effects of the temporal ordering of failure events. In this paper, we extend the conceptual foundation of Pandora with a new Priority-OR (POR) gate and we introduce the concept of a Temporal Truth Table as a mechanism that can be used to prove equivalence of expressions in Pandora logic. We al...

Abstract. This is a continuation of an article from the previous issue. In this section, we determine the structure of a thin, irreducible module for the Subconstituent algebra of a Pand Qpolynomial association scheme. Such a module is naturally associated with a Leonard system. The isomorphism class of the module is determined by this Leonard system, which in turn is determined by four paramet...

Related Articles Solar energy trapping with modulated silicon nanowire photonic crystals J. Appl. Phys. 112, 074326 (2012) Hybrid pentacene/a-silicon solar cells utilizing multiple carrier generation via singlet exciton fission Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 153507 (2012) Light trapping in solar cells: Analytical modeling Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 151105 (2012) Performance of pand n-side illuminated micro...

In this paper, we investigate the MPEG-2 temporal scalability syntax and introduce a new approach to temporally scalable coding. Temporal scalability is provided by employing various nonlinear prediction and demultiplexing schemes. A nonlinear deinterlacing algorithm is presented and the related issues on interlaced, progressive and mixed mode video processing are addressed. In addition to the ...

This paper explores the role of group theory in providing a proof for the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, which states that for distinct odd primes pand q, q is a quadratic residue mod p if and only if p is a quadratic residue mod q, unless p and q are both congruent to 3 mod 4. The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity is an important result in number theory; it provides us with a simple method to determ...

Analyzing the solar system abundances, we have found two empirical scaling laws concerning the pand s-nuclei with the same atomic number. These scalings are evidence that most probable origin of 27 p-nuclei is the supernova γ-process. We have calculated the abundance ratios by the γ-process nucleosynthesis based on core-collapse supernova explosion models under various astrophysical conditions....

A new heteroarylene-vinylene donor-acceptor low bandgap polymer, the poly(DEHT-V-BTD), containing vinylene-spaced efficient donor (dialkoxythiophene) and acceptor (benzothiadiazole) moieties, is presented. Electropolymerization has been carried out by several electrochemical techniques and the results are compared. In particular, the pulsed potentiostatic method was able to provide layers with ...

This paper investigates recent progress on a-posteriori error analysis for the high-order finite element method(FEM). The paper will discuss the differences between a-posteriori error estimations for lower-order FEM and those for high-order FEM, and analyzes the technical and methodological differences on a-posteriori error estimations for high-order FEM in one dimension and in high dimensions....