BACKGROUND The cold pressor task (CPT) was originally developed as a clinically indicative cardiovascular test, and quantifies vascular response and pulse excitability when a subject's hand is immersed into ice water. Since the test procedure results in a gradually increasing cold pain, the CPT has been widely used as a nociceptive stimulus in experimental studies on adults and children. AIM ...

This paper overviews some recent developments in panel data asymptotics, concentrating on the nonstationary panel case and gives a new result for models with individual effects. Underlying recent theory are asymptotics for multi-indexed processes in which both indexes may pass to infinity. We review some of the new limit theory that has been developed, show how it can be applied and give a new ...

this study investigates the effects of the government effectiveness and financial development indices on economic growth in d-8 countries over the period 1996-2012, by applying the panel smooth transition regression (pstr) model. for this purpose, we use non-linear least squares (nls) method for estimation of model. the estimation results reject the linearity hypothesis, and estimate two regime...

This paper investigates the existence of an optimal debt ratio for the electronic listed firms in Taiwan, using balanced panel data for a sample of 143 selected electronics companies listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) from the first quarter of 1999 to the third quarter of 2004. The result shows that there is a single threshold effect of debt ratio on firm value when return on equity (ROE...

In order to identify the mechanism and effect of agricultural land transfer on carbon emissions, a study was conducted by analyzing panel data 30 provincial-level administrative regions from 2005 2019. Both intermediary model threshold regression are applied test correlation between which provides some clarity affecting emissions its future trends. The research results as follows. Firstly, has ...

This paper examines the effects of fringe benefits in the compensation package on performance of the Korean firms. Theoretically, fringe benefits have two implications in relation to employees: they are effective instruments that provide incentives; at the same time, some fringe benefits, especially the power-related benefits, are often used for exploitation of self-interests. Using a six-year ...

We examine the relationship between position in a network of relationships and organizational performance. Drawing on ten years of observations (1988-1997) for nearly 400 firms in the human biotechnology industry, we utilize three types of panel regressions to unravel the complex linkages between network structure, patenting, and various firm-level outcome measures. Our results highlight the cr...

Theory suggests that subjective well-being is affected by income comparisons and adaptation to income. Empirical tests of the effects often rely on self-constructed measures from survey data. This paper shows that results can be highly sensitive to simple parameter changes. Using large-scale panel data from Germany and the UK, I report cases where plausible variations in the underlying income t...

The global economy is moving into a new era characterized by digital and green development. To examine the impact of industrialization development on energy supply chain, in relation to sustainable China’s security, we discuss nonlinear transmission mechanism chain industry using panel threshold regression model based sample data provincial natural gas China from 2006 2020. We found that there ...