Daily rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior are generated by a central pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the timing of which is set by light from the environment. When the ambient light-dark cycle is shifted, as occurs with travel across time zones, the SCN and its output rhythms must reset or re-entrain their phases to match the new schedule-a sluggish ...

In a variety of animal models, baroreceptor resetting during chronic hypertension has been correlated to vessel wall hypertrophy and decreased distensibility. In one possible mechanism of chronic resetting, termed the splinting hypothesis here, it has been suggested that a stiffer vessel wall might increase the minimum pressure required for activation of these mechanoreceptors (pressure thresho...

OBJECTIVES To study the role of corticomotor neuronal pathways in primary orthostatic tremor. METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimuli at an intensity 10% above the resting motor threshold were delivered over the leg motor cortex in two patients with primary orthostatic tremor while standing still. Electromyographic responses in both tibialis anterior muscles were recorded after 20 stimuli given...

Phase-resetting properties of neurons determine their functionality as integrators (type 1) vs. resonators (type 2), as well as their synchronization tendencies. We introduce a novel, bias-correction method to estimate the infinitesimal phase-resetting curve (iPRC) and confirm type 1 excitability in hippocampal pyramidal CA1 neurons in vitro by two independent methods. First, PRCs evoked using ...

Physiological and neuroimaging studies provide evidence to suggest that attentional mechanisms operating within the fronto-parietal network may exert top-down control on early visual areas, priming them for forthcoming sensory events. The believed consequence of such priming is enhanced task performance. Using the technique of magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated this possibility by ex...

Robust physiological circadian rhythms form an integral part of well-being. The aging process has been found to negatively impact systems that drive circadian physiology, typically manifesting as symptoms associated with abnormal/disrupted sleeping patterns. Here, we investigated the age-related decline in light-driven circadian entrainment in male C57BL/6J mice. We compared light-driven resett...

In recent neuroscience, many researchers have claimed that synchronization of coupled neurons plays a very important role to code information in the brain. Neurons are classified into two types, class I and class II, by the difference of the onsets of the firing. These two types are confirmed by the physiologic experiments and it is very important to know how these differences affect synchroniz...

The theory of stochastic resetting asserts that restarting a search process at certain times may accelerate the finding target. In case classical diffusing particle trapped in potential well, decrease escape due to thermal fluctuations. Here, we numerically explore Kramers problem for cubic potential, which is simplest with escape. Both deterministic and Poisson are analyzed. We use Monte Carlo...

In order to efficiently and accurately adjust the shearer traction speed, a novel approach based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) cloud inference network (CIN) and improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed. The T-S CIN is built through the combination of cloud model and T-S fuzzy neural network. Moreover, the IPSO algorithm employs parameter automation adjustment strategy and velocity reset...

Current theories place very mild constraints on possible diachronic changes, something at odds with the trivial observation that actual ‘‘language change’’ represents a tiny fraction of the variation made a priori available by Universal Grammar. Much recent work in diachronic syntax has actually been guided by the aim of describing changes (e.g., parameter resetting), rather than by concerns of...