It is known that at the event scale, evaporation losses of rainfall intercepted by canopy are a few millimeters, which often not much in comparison to other stocks water balance. Nevertheless, yearly number times filled and then depleted can be so large interception flux may become an important fraction rainfall. Many accurate models describe wet have been proposed. However, they require parame...

Development of the effective canopy architecture management for optimum light interception, and planting density on significant yield fruit quality Litchi cv. Shahi was investigated. The litchi Shahi, planted in square system at 2 × 2, 3 3, 4 4, 5 5, 6 8 m (control), showed average interception higher upper part canopy. Flowering attributes (number panicles, panicle length, number flowers yield...

i-Tree Streets/Design and Eco estimate annual rainfall interception by urban forest based on different physics-based water balance models. Streets/Design is based on Xiao et al. (1998), while Eco is based on Wang et al. (2008) and improved by Hirabayashi (2013). In Xiao et al. (1998), annual rainfall interception percentage against the gross precipitation in Sacramento County, CA was estimated ...

Manual interception, such as catching or hitting an approaching ball, requires the hand to contact a moving object at the right location and at the right time. Many studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying the spatial aspects of goal-directed reaching, but the neural basis of the spatial and temporal aspects of manual interception are largely unknown. Here, we used repetitive tran...

This study investigates causes behind correlations between snow and terrain properties in a 27 km mountain watershed. Whereas terrain correlations reveal where snow resides, the physical processes responsible for correlations can be ambiguous. We conducted biweekly snow surveys at small transect scales to provide insight into late-season correlations at the basin scale. The evolving parameters ...

185 18 Number of tables: 2 19 Number of figures: 10 20 doi : 10.1071/FP08051 2/35 Abstract 21 We developed a double-digitizing method combining a hand-held electromagnetic digitizer 22 and a non-contact three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner. The former was used to record the 23 positions of all leaves in a tree and orientation angles of their lamina. The latter served to 24 obtain the morphology...

A semidistributed, physical-based Urban Forest Effects – Hydrology (UFORE-Hydro) model was created to simulate and study tree effects on urban hydrology and guide management of urban runoff at the catchment scale. The model simulates hydrological processes of precipitation, interception, evaporation, infiltration, and runoff using data inputs of weather, elevation, and land cover along with nin...

A method to detect and characterize a frequency hopping (FH) signal is proposed. The context is Spectrum Surveillance. Hence, no a priori information is available: the parameters of the modulation must be automatically determined. Spread spectrum (SS) modulations are well-known for their low probability of interception (LPI). Nevertheless the aim of this paper is to show that, using a time–freq...

We optimize the human interception model performing fast visually guided tasks. Based on the original paper that raised the novel visuomotor framework, we implement and extend the vision model of a human catching a ball achieving a faster and more accurate result. As proposed in that paper, eye movements plays a central role in coordinating movements of the head, hand and body and each intercep...

Fully reflective systems have the notion of a control transfer from base-level code to meta-level code in order to change the behavior of the base-level system. There exist various opinions on how the programming model of a meta architecture has to look like. A common necessity of all models and systems is the need to intercept messages and operations, such as the creation of objects. We analyz...