Calcemic fraction-A (CF-A) is a biologically active, hypercalcemic and bone resorptive peptide, which was detected in, and isolated from, bovine parathyroid glands [Hamilton et al. (1971) Endocrinology 89, 1440-1447]. It has been further purified, and its relationship to parathyroid hormone clarified. The peptide is present in fresh glands at a concentration of about 3 mug/g (parathyroid hormon...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the types of parathyroid gland hyperplasia and the sensitivity of sestamibi-(99m)Tc (MIBI) scintigraphy and ultrasonography (US) of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to chronic renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 43 patients with SHPT (26 females and 17 males with age range of 27-75 years). Blood tests were performed to d...

IntroductIon Ectopically located hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland(s) are responsible for approximately 6–16% of hyperparathyroidism cases, in which about 6% can be ascribed to ectopic growth in the mediastinal site.[1] Treatment of ectopic adenomas usually requires resection. There are various techniques to resect ectopic parathyroid glands, which are mainly depended on the ectopic gland’s lo...

Calcitriol treatment is used to reduce parathyroid hormone levels in azotemic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Whether long-term calcitriol administration reduces parathyroid gland size in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is not clear. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of calcitriol on parathyroid cell proliferation and apoptosis in nor...

BACKGROUND Little is known about parathyroid gland function in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether parathyroid gland function is abnormal in TPN recipients. DESIGN Six patients with a mean (+/-1 SD) age of 45.5 +/- 8.0 y who had been receiving TPN for 18.7 +/- 2. 8 y underwent bone biopsy, bone mass measurements with dual-ene...

Primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma is not infrequent. Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by unusual thymic nonadenomatous nonencapsulated parathyroid tissue has been reported before. Both can cause unsuccessful neck explorations. Here we presented for the first time a patient with hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma concomitant to the presence of t...

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy, and only accounts for 0.5-2% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Less than 10% of parathyroid carcinomas are non-functional, and as such, they have been rarely reported in the literature. Importantly, margin status at resection is related to prognosis, and only a handful of case reports of non-functional carcinoma note this important parameter. H...

J.C. Sillery D.R. DeLone K.M. Welker SUMMARY: We have encountered 2 cases of parathyroid adenomas that are atypical because of their large size, cystic character, and faint enhancement compared with the typical solid parathyroid adenomas. Specifically, the enhancement pattern of a typical parathyroid adenoma in a multiphasic scan demonstrates rapid arterial enhancement and rapid washout on dela...

I would like to comment that parathyroid scanning is performed with a lipophilic cationic complex of Tc, called sestamibi, and not free technetium pertechnetate, as is described in the article. According to the guidelines, dual phase Tc-sestamibi scans are commonly used for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Hyperactive parathyroid cells have a high concentration of sestamibi an...

GCM proteins constitute a small transcription factor family with a DNA-binding domain exhibiting a novel fold composed of two subdomains rigidly held together by coordination of one of two structural zinc cations. In all known cases, GCM proteins exert the role of master regulators: the prototypical family member determines gliogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, whereas mammalian GCM proteins ...