Analogical reasoning, along with inductive, deductive or abductive reasoning, belongs to the fundamental human mechanisms for the environment exploration, learning, or problem solving. Modeling this ability using computer simulations is important, as it might offer mechanistic explanation of these phenomena. In this work, we focus on the part–whole analogies in a separation task where the analo...

Three different ways of mapping part-whole hierarchies into connectionist networks are described. The simplest scheme uses a fixed mapping and is inadequate for most tasks because it fails to share units and connections between different pieces of the part-whole hierarchy. Two alternative schemes are described, each of which involves a different method of time-sharing connections and units. The...

Knowledge bases, data bases and object-oriented systems (referred to in the paper as Object-Centered systems) all rely on attributes as the main construct used to associate properties to objects; among these, a fundamental role is played by the so-called part-whole relation. The representation of such a structural information usually requires a particular semantics together with specialized inf...

We present two experiments on the role of culture in the categorization of object part-whole structures. A triadic categorization task pitted shape against function as factors driving similarity judgments on selected parts of different types of objects. Speakers of American English were significantly more likely than speakers of two indigenous languages of Mexico, Tseltal Maya and Isthmus Zapot...

The Unified Modeling Language is the software industry standard for OO graphical modeling languages. However, it does not adequately encompass the meronymic (whole-part) relationships. This paper provides an extension to the UML definition to include the excluded meronymic relationships in a formalized notation and remove the ambiguity of the aggregation definition in UML. Common design pattern...

Representing parthood relations in ORM has received little attention, despite its added-value of the semantics at the conceptual level. We introduce a high-level taxonomy of types of meronymic and mereological relations, use it to construct a decision procedure to determine which type of part-whole role is applicable, and incrementally add mandatory and uniqueness constraints. This enables the ...

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We present a connectionist method for representing images that explicitly addresses their hierarchical nature. It blends data from neuroscience about whole-object viewpoint sensitive cells in inferotemporal cortex and attentional basiseld modulation in V4 with ideas about hierarchical descriptions based on microfeatures. The resulting model makes critical use of bottom-up and top-down pathways ...

background: beck scale for suicidal ideation (bssi) is a widely used instrument to assess suicidality. however, there is only limited information about the psychometric characteristics of bssi in the persian language. in this study, we investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of the bssi in the general population of tehran.   methods : initially, 900 questionnaire packages we...