this study intended to develop a model describing speaking strategies for efl learners by taking into account the effects of learners’ gender and proficiency on the application of strategies. accordingly, this study was planned to have two main analyses, namely qualitative and quantitative. in this respect, 30 efl learners' viewpoints were sought, and then, based on the elicited responses, a 21...

This study is an attempt to investigate the role of incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition in addition to the influence of language learning strategy: namely, the use of vocabulary strategy by Iranian EFL learners in learning new vocabularies. Accordingly, this study is two-faceted. First, Part A examines the difference between different modes of presentation, incidental and intentio...

Increasingly restrictive emission regulations and renewed focus on energy efficiency drive the current researches to find alternative fuels and their related better combustion strategies. In this regard, dual fuel engines, in which natural gas fuel is used as a main fuel and diesel fuel is employed as a pilot fuel, have received considerable attention. However, poor fuel utilization efficiencie...

An important recent finding is that testing improves learning and memory. In this article, the authors describe a demonstration that illustrates this principle and helps students incorporate more testing into their learning. The authors asked students to read one text using a Study–Study strategy and one text using a Study–Test strategy. One week later, the authors tested students’ memory for b...