BACKGROUND Application rates to surgical residencies have shown a downward trend recently. Introducing students to surgeons early in medical school can increase interest in surgery as a career and enhance the instruction of important surgical topics. Directors of undergraduate medical education have unique insight and influence regarding the participation of surgeons in pre-clinical education. ...

Violence against women is persisting in many parts of the world. At same time, there a global trend increased female labour force participation. In this paper we study effect on intimate partner violence large public work program India that explicitly encourages participation (MGNREGA). Based detailed administrative data, show leads to more women. We argue could be explained by male backlash me...

In this paper, I analyze how the rise to power of the Muslim Brotherhood, marked by increased parliamentary power in late 2006 due to unprecedented success in the 2005 elections, impacts female labor force participation in districts in which Muslim Brotherhood candidates won compared to those in which they did not win. I use a difference in differences estimation strategy, using both district a...

This study examined gender differences and trends in the participation of Malaysians in education. Trend data for the period between 1990 and 2007 were calculated and compiled from annual reports of the Ministry of Education, and the Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Percentages of male and female student enrolment in government primary, secondary, pre-university, and college and university e...

Copyright © 2000, Idea Group Publishing. Robert Putnam (1993) has developed a theory of social capital to explain the effect of decreasing community participation and civic engagement on declining institutional performance. Subsequently, there has been much speculation as to whether emerging virtual communities can counteract this trend. We apply the findings of computer-mediated communication ...

Clinical trials are essential to the progress of medical science. Physician participation in trial recruitment is vital, but most do not participate. Few approaches to improve physician participation in trial recruitment have been described or proven successful. Previously described approaches have largely relied on locally developed technology or been designed for use in specialized settings, ...

Recent work has provided compelling evidence of a long-term decline in US female labor supply elasticities with respect to wages and to income. While previous work used crosssectional data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), we reexamine the trend for married women using panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1980 to 2006. We find evidence in support of a long-term...

Recent work has provided compelling evidence of a long-term decline in US female labor supply elasticities with respect to wages and to income. While previous work used crosssectional data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), we reexamine the trend for married women using panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1980 to 2006. We find evidence in support of a long-term...

This paper describes the participation of smallholders in commercial horticultural farming in Kenya and identifies constraints and critical factors that influence their decision to participate in this industry by selling their produce. The study employs panel survey data on smallholder producers of both international (export) and domestic market vegetables and controls for unobserved heterogene...

Tabulations from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) show that the steady increase in U.S. women’s labor force participation that characterized the post-World War II period has largely subsided. For most groups of women (all women, married women, and women with children), the trend line in the labor force participation rate flattened out in the earlyto mid-1990s after nearly four decades of st...