Readers of the current issue will find something unfamiliar , perhaps tantalizing, perhaps unsettling. I am referring to the articles by Cha et al. (see " Ionic mechanisms and Ca 2+ dynamics... " and " Time-dependent changes in membrane excitability... "). The first of these articles is less exotic; it presents computer simulations of a model for bursting electrical activity in pancreatic  cel...

River Ganga is one of the prime sacred National Rivers of India, closely associated with economic, social, and cultural heritage of Indian people. Recently, it has been subjected to immense degradation and pollution as a result of receiving huge amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as religious ritual activities and surface runoff. The present study attempts to study spatial an...

Global plastic production has exceeded 300 million tons per year (Plastics Europe, 2015). In the marine and freshwater environments, larger plastics abrade and photo-degrade resulting in persistent environmental microplastics that are not effectively removed by existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The ecological effects of microplastics on the marine environment are poorly understood, ...

sarygamesh basin one of the bulhary chay tributary take place in moghan plain, northeastern azarbyjan area in iran and south edge of kora- araz zone. aims of this research are study specificities and geomorphic evolution of sarygamesh basin, survey rivers work on structure and geologic formation, and corresponding hydrographic with earth structure. toward above aim is used to litologic, structu...

This paper fits within the context of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and its emission-immission based approach for river basin management. More particularly, it focuses on the sewer-wastewater treatment-river system. Using an integrated model of various system configurations of a real case study, a scenario analysis is performed by evaluating simulation results acc...

groundwater is the most widely distributed resource of the earth and groundwater quality evolves rapidly as it passes through the subsurface pathways within the unsaturated zone. increasing urbanization and anthropogenic activities have added to the problem of deficient amount of good quality groundwater. the study area is an industrial hub for textile sector. textile production, particularly d...

Flood is one of the most destructive natural hazards which impose vast costs in order to compensate its effects, especially in areas where there are manifestations of human development (such as cities). Urban development, particularly in the margins of rivers, has increased flood damages in recent decades. The aim of this study was to develop flood hazard maps of Birjand plain based on analyses...

We are very grateful to Kirk Hamilton and Giovanni Ruta of the World Bank and Peter Klenow of Stanford for very helpful advice and for generously supplying important data for this project. We also thank Kenneth Chay, and T. N. Srinivasan for very helpful comments.