OBJECTIVES To compare risk of fatal injury in elderly road users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) with that of younger age groups and to assess the contribution of elderly road users to the number of reported fatalities in the population. DESIGN Fatality age was categorized as 21 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, or 70 and older, and road user was categorized as driver, passeng...

Introduction Each year approximately 1 billion people travel by air on the many domestic and international airlines. It has been predicted that in the coming two decades, the number of passengers will double. A global increase in travel, as well as an increasingly aged population in many countries, makes it reasonable to assume that there will be a significant increase in older passengers and p...

To study the impact of information dissemination on public's risk perception in metro emergencies, we carried out an empirical study among Shanghai Metro passengers. Though an investigation of passengers’ response to the frequency, type and channel of information dissemination, we developed a Logit model measuring public response for future manipulation.

In April 2009, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection was confirmed in a person who had been symptomatic while traveling on a commercial flight from Mexico to the United Kingdom. Retrospective public health investigation and contact tracing led to the identification of 8 additional confirmed cases among passengers and community contacts of passengers.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a demerit points system, introduced in Italy in July 2003, on the prevalence of seat belt use (intermediate outcome) and the number of road traffic deaths and injuries (health outcomes). DESIGN Pre- and post-intervention regional observational study for seat belt investigation (April 2003, October 2004); national time-series analysis of road traffic deaths an...

BACKGROUND Recent efforts to pass rear seat belt laws for adults have been hampered by large gaps in the scientific literature. This study examines driver, vehicle, crash, and passenger characteristics associated with mortality in rear-seated adult passengers. METHODS The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) 2010 to 2011 was used to examine motor vehicle occupant mortality in rear-seated...

Cancer progression is an example of a rapid adaptive process where evolving new traits is essential for survival and requires a high mutation rate. Precancerous cells acquire a few key mutations that drive rapid population growth and carcinogenesis. Cancer genomics demonstrates that these few ‘driver’ mutations occur alongside thousands of random ‘passenger’ mutations—a natural consequence of c...

We propose in this paper a new approach for modelling congested transit networks with fixed timetables where it may happen that there is not enough room onboard to allow all users waiting for a given line on the arriving carrier, so that passengers need to queue at the stop until the service becomes actually available to them. The traditional approach to reproduce this phenomenon within the est...

Hidden-city ticket is an interesting airline ticket pricing phenomenon. It occurs when an itinerary connecting at an intermediate city is less expensive than a ticket from the origin to the intermediate city. In such a case, passengers traveling to the intermediate city have an incentive to pretend to be traveling to the final destination, deplane at the connection point and forgo the unused po...

Finding a line plan with corresponding frequencies is an important stage of planning a public transport system. A line plan should permit all passengers to travel with an appropriate quality at appropriate costs for the public transport operator. Traditional line planning procedures proceed sequentially: In a first step a traffic assignment allocates passengers to routes in the network, often b...