Previous studies have established the therapeutic efficacy of humanized E16 (hE16) monoclonal antibody against West Nile virus in animals. Here, we assess the potential for West Nile virus strains encoding mutations in the hE16 epitope to resist passive immunotherapy and for the selection of neutralization escape variants during hE16 treatment. Resistance to hE16 in vivo was less common than ex...

D factor, also known as leukemia inhibitory factor, is a pleiotropic cytokine whose role during acute injury and inflammation is not known. Intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin induced D factor gene expression in mice, and passive immunization against D factor protected them from the lethal effects of endotoxin and blocked endotoxin-induced increases in serum levels of i...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have well established their valuable roles as therapeutic proteins. Second generation of mAbs as therapeutical products for immunotherapy of HIV infection has made significant progress in recent studies. A recent small phase 1 clinical trial has demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies could be safe and effective in reducing HIV-1 viraemia in human. This study also s...

Immunotherapy has been used for years in many types of cancer therapy. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has focused on mechanisms which can enhance the development of cell-mediated immunity. Anticancer medications are administered to inhibit immunosuppressive factors such as nagalase enzyme, which is produced by neoplastic cells and destroys macrophage activating factor (Gc-MAF). Anti-neoplastics...

Abstract Since the early days of vaccination, targeted immunotherapy has gone through multiple conceptual changes and challenges. It now provides most efficient up-to-date strategies for either preventing or treating infections cancer. Its recent successful weapons are autologous T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors, engineered purposely binding cancer-specific antigens therefore used so...

Breast cancer, as a heterogeneous disease, includes a wide range of pathological and clinical behaviors. Current treatment protocols, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, are mainly associated with poor response and high rate of recurrence. Therefore, more efforts are needed to develop alternative therapies for this type of cancer. Immunotherapy, as a novel str...

allergen immunotherapy involves the administration of gradually increasing quantities of specific allergens to patients with ige-mediated conditions until a dose is reached that is effective in reducing disease severity from natural exposure. in the present study we evaluated a period of six years immunotherapy allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma patients with positive skin prick test of comm...

brucellosis is an infectious disease and it seems that it affects human immune system and can cause acute, subacute and chronic clinical features. forty patients suffering from chronic brucellosis were studied for cd3+, cd4+,cd8+, cd19+, cells and cd4+/cd8+ ratio by flow cytometry before and after treatment with antibiotics and immunopotentiators. the results were compared with 15 healthy contr...