Abstract This article focuses primarily on to what extent novel beings, and particularly, beings which display something akin human consciousness or agency would be (or should be) patentable under current European patent law. Patents grant the holder a right exclude others from using patented invention for period of (usually 20 years). allows control how that can cannot used by downstream, gran...

A vigorous discussion exists regarding the need to provide exclusive patent rights as incentives to invent and to disclose so-called “research tools,” whether such exclusive rights should apply to all uses and users of patented research tools, and whether exclusive rights to prohibit all uses of research tools would unduly discourage sequential invention. This article summarizes recent developm...

From the standpoint of green patents, verifying influence construction national high-tech zones on degree innovation enterprises is enormous theoretical and practical importance. We construct a multi-period two-difference model to assess zone policy’s implementation enterprises’ levels innovation. The outcomes study show that: first, establishment greatly increases level among enterprises. Whil...

This paper investigates how the details of government actions induce innovation—the overlapping activities of invention, adoption and diffusion, and learning by doing—in benvironmental technology,Q products and processes that either control pollutant emissions or prevent emissions altogether. It applies multiple quantitative and qualitative measures of innovation to a case subject to several bt...

We focused on how repeat collaborations in projects for inventions affect performance. Repeat collaborations have two contradictory aspects. A positive aspect is team development or experience, and a negative aspect is team degeneration or decline. Since both contradicting phenomena are observed, inventors have a dilemma as to whether they should keep collaborating in a team or not. The dilemma...

In this research, we offer a fresh approach as to determining prior art. We do this by using Big Data methods. More specifically, we apply a model which constructs the semantic space of patents, in which all published patents and patent applications are arranged according to semantic similarities between each other. Our model provides a clear indication of how closely patents stand in relation ...

Article history: Received 15 January 2014 Received in revised form 26 May 2014 Accepted 11 October 2014 Available online 7 November 2014 Patent classification systems and citation networks are used extensively in innovation studies. However, non-unique mapping of classification codes onto specific products/markets and the difficulties in accurately capturing knowledge flows based just on citati...

Hepatitis C, hepatitis B, HIV, TB and malaria are the five major causes of infectious disease death worldwide. In a breakthrough that rivals the invention of penicillin, drugs that cure hepatitis C, with minimal side effects and high success rates, have reached the market, but, in what must be one of the greatest tragedies of modern times, these life-saving medications are not being deployed on...

We focused on how repeat collaborations in projects for inventions affect performance. Repeat collaborations have two contradictory aspects. A positive aspect is team development or experience, and a negative aspect is team degeneration or decline. Since both contradicting phenomena are observed, inventors have a dilemma as to whether they should keep collaborating in a team or not. The dilemma...

Legislation sometimes is enacted that obviously requires either immediate revision or creative administrative and judicial interpretation. The new Leahy-Smith America Invents Act’s derivation and prior art provisions fall in that category. Whether or not the move from a first-to-invent to a first-inventor-to-file system is viewed as good policy and as authorized by the Constitution,3 the partic...