Controlled exposure experiments can be very informative, however, they are based on the assumption that pathogens maintained on artificial media under long-term storage retain the infective and pathogenic properties of the reproducing pathogen as it occurs in a host. We observed that JEL284, an in vitro cultured and maintained isolate of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), was becoming less in...

sixteen avian influenza (ai) h9n2 viruses were isolated from disease outbreaks in different parts of iranduring (1998–2001). these ai isolates were used for pathogenicity, haemagglutinin (ha) gene variation andphylogenetic analysis. results in both pathogenicity tests and ha gene cleavage site sequence detectionrepresented a non-highly pathogenic feature for all iranian ai isolates studied. the...

chamaecyparis lawsonia, which brings beauty in parks and green space, is attacked by a variety of pathogenic agents specially fungi. in this study, some chamaecyparis lawsonia available in parks that had disease symptoms were  sampled. after sample collection, in order to isolate fungal pathogens, cuts of the infected plant tissues were placed on pda (potato dextrose agar) and later were put on...

Soft rot disease of carrots is an important limiting factor carrot production. In this study, roots showing typical soft symptoms were identified in the fields, and diseased healthy root samples collected for pathogen identification. The was isolated using enriched bell pepper method. developed a water-soaked lesion around pricking region when it pricked after stabbing whereas, no produced root...

In March 2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) was detected at 2 poultry farms in Tennessee, USA. Surveillance data and genetic analyses indicated multiple introductions of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus before mutation to high pathogenicity and interfarm transmission. Poultry surveillance should continue because low pathogenicity viruses circulate and spill over into commerc...