Abstract Conservation programs in low-income countries often have dual goals of protecting the environment and reducing poverty. This article discusses tension between these two payments for ecosystem services (PESs) programs. Participants who undertake a pro-environment behavior receive payment, which can be decomposed into parts: amount that compensates them cost changing their extra is ‘pure...

The growing deterioration of water ecosystem services as the lack budgetary resources for their recovery and management well, are a global concern. This forces to prioritize most appropriate measure among range possibilities. economic evaluation cost-effectiveness is one technical alternatives indicated by this value judgment. study seeks know if investments in natural infrastructure, dictated ...

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) policies compensate individuals or communities for undertaking actions that increase the provision of ecosystem services such as water purification, flood mitigation, or carbon sequestration. PES schemes rely on incentives to induce behavioral change and can thus be considered part of the broader class of incentive- or market-based mechanisms for environmen...

background : inequality in households’ payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utili-zation patterns between them. this study investigated the iranian rural and urban households’ inequality in payments on food and out-of-pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. methods : this descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of iranian statistics centre d...

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have become an increasingly popular policy tool used to drive conservation efforts around world (Salzman et al., 2018). Although popularity is clearly supported by fact that PES rely on rewards (rather than punishments) promote pro-environmental behaviour, concerns ...