The WHO-European Centre for Environment and Health (WHO-ECEH) and the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), have initiated a project to create a data base containing information relevant to the setting of Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs), and, based on the available information, to assess the relative potencies and to derive consensus TEFs for PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs. Ava...

Abstract We examined polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like compounds formation during brine electrolysis with pitch used as the binding agent of graphite electrode. Graphite electrode was used in the past as an industrial process of chlorine production. The level of PCDFs was up to 1,800,000pg/L (28,000pg-TEQ/L) in brine electrolysis with pitch...

This study presents a detailed mechanistic account of the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs). It applies the recently developed meta hybrid M06-2X functional and deploys the 2,2'-dichlorodiphenylether (2,2'-DCDE) molecule as a representative model compound for all PCDEs congeners. We find that, ...

Since the 1970s, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), so-called air toxics, have been of great concern because they can cause serious human health effects and have adverse effects on the environment. More noticeably, some of them are known to be human carcinogens. The objective of this paper is to investigate the regulatory systems and human health effects of air toxics which have been designated b...

Because of their widespread occurrence and substantial biological activity, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) comprise one of the more important classes of contaminants in the environment. Some chemicals in this class cause adverse biological effects after binding to an...

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A 1999 study heightened long-standing concerns over persistent organic pollutant contamination in the Aral Sea area, detecting elevated levels in breast milk and cord blood of women in Karakalpakstan (western Uzbekistan). These findings prompted a collaborative research study aimed at linking such human findings with evidence of food chain contamination in the area. An international team carrie...

We measured persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in order to characterize dietary exposure in the highly contaminated, salmon-eating northeastern Pacific resident killer whales. We estimate that 97 to 99% of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dichlorodipheny...

In May 2015, a fire occurred at Terminal 3 of the Rome–Fiumicino International Airport. To respond to health concern associated with resulting emissions combustion products, Pier D underwent pre-emptive sequestration. The Italian National Institute Health was asked carry out environmental monitoring affected areas, and evaluate related risk for health. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs),...

OBJECTIVES In this study we evaluated the concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants in a sample of first-time pregnant females residing in the United States and assessed differences in these concentrations in all pregnant females during gestation. METHODS We reviewed demographic and laboratory data for pregnant females participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examinat...