Proportional delay differentiation (PDD) aims to maintain pre-specified packet queueing-delay ratios between different classes of traffic at each hop. Existing rate-allocation approaches for PDD services assume the average queueing delay of a class is inversely proportional to its service rate. This assumption may not be valid in a non-heavily loaded system. In this paper, we present a rulebase...

This article reviews the cholinergic changes in Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), their potential clinical implications, and the available evidence for cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of PDD and DLB. Marked neuronal loss of cholinergic nuclei, reduced cholinergic markers in the neocortex, hippocampus, and selected thalamic nuclei, and recepto...

In Parkinson's disease (PD), internal cueing mechanisms are impaired leading to symptoms like hypokinesia. However, external cues can improve movement execution by using cortical resources. These cortical processes can be affected by cognitive decline in dementia. It is still unclear how dementia in PD influences external cueing. We investigated a group of 25 PD patients with dementia (PDD) and...

Papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars commonly grown in Malaysia, namely Sekaki and Eksotika, are very susceptible to papaya dieback disease (PDD), resulting reduced production of papayas. As an alternative, grafted seedling using Viorica variety as a highly tolerant rootstock can be introduced combat PDD. Three grafting combinations scion/rootstock were used this study Eksotika/Eksotika (E/E), Ekso...

BACKGROUND Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), which share many clinical, neurochemical, and morphological features, have been incorporated into DSM-5 as two separate entities of major neurocognitive disorders with Lewy bodies. Despite clinical overlap, their diagnosis is based on an arbitrary distinction concerning the time of onset of motor and cognitive sy...

The International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Reports Series-398 code of practice for dosimetry recommends measuring photon percentage depth dose (PDD) curves with parallel-plate chambers. This code of practice was published before flattening filter-free (FFF) beams were widely used in clinical linear accelerators. The choice of detector for PDD measurements needs to be reassessed for FFF be...

Avian bornavirus (ABV) is the presumed causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a major fatal disease in psittacines. However, the influencing factors and pathogenesis of PDD are not known and natural ABV infection exhibits remarkable variability. We investigated the course of infection in 18 cockatiels that were intracerebrally and intravenously inoculated with ABV. A persis...

Many contemporary signal processing, machine learning and wireless communication applications can be formulated as nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems. Often there is a lack of efficient algorithms for these problems, especially when the optimization variables are nonlinearly coupled in some nonconvex constraints. In this work, we propose an algorithm named penalty dual decomposition (PDD...

Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a newly discovered member of the family Bornaviridae that has been associated with the development of a lethal neurologic syndrome in birds, termed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). We successfully isolated and characterized ABV from the brains of 8 birds with confirmed PDD. One isolate was passed 6 times in duck embryo fibroblasts, and the infected cells were t...

Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorders that are likely to represent two ends of a disease spectrum. It is well established that both are characterised pathologically by widespread cortical Lewy body deposition. However, until recently, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neuronal damage were not kn...