Fetal and early life may be a critical period for the development and/or programming of metabolic systems, including the skeleton. There are increasing human data from cohort studies on the association between early life nutrition and bone development in children. Breastfed children initially have lower bone mass than bottle-fed children, but longer-term studies suggest that they have higher bo...

The endocannabinoid system plays a role in regulating bone mass and bone cell activity and inactivation of the type 1 (Cnr1) or type 2 (Cnr2) cannabinoid receptors influences peak bone mass and age-related bone loss. As the Cnr1 and Cnr2 receptors have limited homology and are activated by different ligands, we have evaluated the effects of combined deficiency of Cnr1 and 2 receptors (Cnr1/2-/-...

BACKGROUND Peak bone mass, attained by early adulthood, is influenced by genetic and life-style factors. Early infant feeding and duration of breastfeeding in particular, associate with several health-related parameters in childhood. The aim of this study was to examine whether the effects of early infant feeding extend to peak bone mass and other bone health characteristics at adult age. MET...

Introduction Reducing fracture risk is an important clinical objective given the mortality, disability, and cost associated with fragility fractures. Identifying the factors that define bone mass and bone quality is fundamental to understanding bone fragility. Although peak bone mass is largely genetically determined (Smith et al., 1973), the manner by which biomechanically-relevant geometric p...

This paper reviews the growth and development of skeletal mass in youth and the effects of physical activity upon the bone mass in young people. The different methods to measure the bone mass are described such as anthropometrics, radiographics, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and ultrasound. Tho different mechanisms are important for the formation and plasti...

Background: Total bone mass acquired during childhood is known to be the most important determinant and base of lifelong skeletal health. The present study investigated the prevalence of low bone mass for chronological age (LBM) in lumbar and femoral areas of leukemic children in the south of Iran and evaluated the association of anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data of these children ...

Osteoporosis is the outcome of a group of diseases with diverse etiology of which post menopausal variety makes up a significant share. Consensus Development Conference defined osteoporosis as “a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture”1. It has been operationally de...