The theoretical probability of misclassification in a mastery test is exactly computed using the raw score probability distribution (in the Rasch model) as a function of the examinee's latent ability. The resulting misclassification probability curve, together with the latent ability distribution in the group of examinees, completely determines the expected rate of classification errors. It is ...

E-rater® has been used by the Educational Testing Service for automated essay scoring since 1999. This paper describes a new version of e-rater (V.2) that is different from other automated essay scoring systems in several important respects. The main innovations of e-rater V.2 are a small, intuitive, and meaningful set of features used for scoring; a single scoring model and standards can be us...

We will establish lower bounds in terms of the level for the number of holomorphic cusp forms of weight k > 2 whose various L-functions do not vanish at the central critical point. This work generalizes the work of W. Duke [1] which was for the case of weight 2.

Achieving peak performance is the primary goal of most athletes. Coaches too, are constantly striving to help their athletes reach their potential and achieve peak performance. Interestingly, although the field of sport psychology has focused almost exclusively on peak performance in athletes, it is a common concern and goal for musicians, actors / performers, academics and business people as w...

Scoring to identify high-affinity compounds remains a challenge in virtual screening. On one hand, protein-ligand scoring focuses on weighting favorable and unfavorable interactions between the two molecules. Ligand-based scoring, on the other hand, focuses on how well the shape and chemistry of each ligand candidate overlay on a three-dimensional reference ligand. Our hypothesis is that a hybr...

I was aware of a need for object-oriented programming long before I learned that it existed. I felt the need because I was using C and Lisp to build mediumsized systems, including a widely-used text editor, CASE and VLSI tools. Stated simply, I wanted flexible connections between providers and consumers of behavior in my systems. For example, in the text editor anything could produce text (file...

We have calculated the number of dormant, nearly isotropic Oort cloud comets in the solar system by (i) combining orbital distribution models with statistical models of dormant comet discoveries by well-defined surveys and (ii) comparing the model results to observations of a population of dormant comets. Dynamical models that assume that comets are not destroyed predict that we should have dis...

In this paper, we address the problem of quantifying the overall extent to which a testtaker’s essay deals with the topic it is assigned (prompt). We experiment with a number of models for word topicality, and a number of approaches for aggregating word-level indices into text-level ones. All models are evaluated for their ability to predict the holistic quality of essays. We show that the best...

In this equation, n represents the number of Figures of Merit (FoMs) that are to be combined, xi represents the output of the scoring function for the ith FoM and wi represents the weight of importance assigned to the ith FoM. The Product Tradeoff Function is commonly used for example in computing cost to benefit ratios and in doing risk analyses. Unfortunately, the published equation on page 1...