A common assumption in machine learning is that training data are i.i.d. samples from some distribution. Processes that generate i.i.d. samples are, in a sense, uninformative—they produce data without regard to how good this data is for learning. By contrast, cognitive science research has shown that when people generate training data for others (i.e., teaching), they deliberately select exampl...

The chairman’s statement of the corporate annual report plays an important role in informing decision-making investors. Thus, it is often targeted at international audience. present study compares syntactic complexity translated statements (Chinese to English) and non-translated ones (English), determine that translation conveying message. results show are significantly simpler subordination as...

The aim was to describe, from the newly registered nurses’ perspective, specific events when using their pedagogical knowledge in their everyday clinical practice. The design was qualitative and the critical incident technique was used. Data were collected via interviews with ten newly registered nurses. Two categories emerged in the analyses. The first category was “Pedagogical methods in theo...

ZHANG, WEI. Multimodal Pedagogical Planning for 3D Learning Environments A Unified Framework. (Under the Direction of Dr. James C. Lester and Dr. R. Michael Young.) Pedagogical planning lies at the heart of knowledge-based learning environments. In recent years, multimodality and authoring have become key issues in the creating of learning environments. The purpose of this research has been to ...

the study of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base (pkb) to discover how teachers think and work is attracting increasing attention in elt. against this background, the present study aimed at probing the likely variations in efl teachers’ pedagogical knowledge base as a function of their teaching license status. to this aim, six teachers (two standard-licensed, two alternatively-licensed, and tw...

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Introduction Action research Why do we need a pedagogical framework? What is a pedagogical framework? The educational setting Pedagogical framework Organizational context Formalizing the framework References Acknowledgements

In recent years, the improvement of machine translation (MT) has facilitated advancements in new mode Machine Translation Post-editing (MTPE). This study compiles and synthesizes existing literature on post-editing, specifically focusing text type, evaluation, pedagogical implication. It is conducted by Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The findings suggest that majority sour...