This paper reports the process evaluation of a peer group intervention for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention which had positive outcomes for three target groups in Malawi: rural adults, adolescents and urban hospital workers. The six-session intervention was delivered to small groups of 10-12 participants by 85 trained volunteer peer leaders working in pairs. A descriptive, observat...

In a peer-to-peer system of interacting Byzantine-fault-tolerant replicated-state-machine groups, as system scale increases, so does the probability that a group will manifest a fault. If no steps are taken to prevent faults from spreading among groups, a single fault can result in total system failure. To address this problem, we introduce Byzantine Fault Isolation (BFI), a technique that enab...

We take cohorts of entering freshmen at the United States Air Force Academy and assign half to peer groups designed to maximize the academic performance of the lowest ability students. Our assignment algorithm uses nonlinear peer effects estimates from the historical pre-treatment data, in which students were randomly assigned to peer groups. We find a negative and significant treatment effect ...

Background & aim: Women's choice on the type of delivery mode is an important event in every pregnant women’s lifetime. Proper education is one of the most important factors that can help women to choose the delivery type. In this regard, one of the educational methods is peer education. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of peer education on the choic...

The aim of the current study was to investigate relationship between school bullying and inter-peer group status among Japanese middle-school students. A total 2294, 7th–9th grade students participated in this study. Using a self-report questionnaire, we measured their inter- intra-peer status, behavior, victimization, coping strategy, victimization status. results showed that, compared those h...

This paper examined the relative influence of selection and socialization on alcohol and tobacco use in adolescent peer networks and peer groups. The sample included 1419 Finnish secondary education students (690 males and 729 females, mean age 16 years at the outset) from nine schools. Participants identified three school friends and described their alcohol and tobacco use on two occasions one...

We exploit the exogenous variation in peer groups generated by high school to college transitions to study the theoretical predictions of Battaglini, Bénabou and Tirole’s (2005) model of self-control in peer groups. As predicted by this theory, we find a non-linear, hump-shaped impact of peer similarity on individual self-control.