To investigate which kind of assistance users need to run a VCR a study was carried out in which operating tasks were supported by providing either printed operation instructions or a human expert as support. The study was conducted as a computer simulation so that logfiles could show the number of actions and time needed to fulfill the tasks. The results show that human assistance leeds to a s...

The literature largely recognizes a role for peer achievement spillovers in educational production, though the theory behind this is not always clear. I compare two theories for why peer achievement may affect an individual’s achievement, as a proxy for unobserved peer ability or effort. While the literature does not tend to distinguish between these mechanisms, I show that the implications for...

Unstructured superpeer overlays are an approach to peer-to-peer systems that enables collective organization and ensures the efficient participation and use of divers peers with heterogenous capabilities and resources. Such overlays are, however, vulnerable to failures and attacks that target the superpeers in an attempt to disrupt the overlay. In this paper, we present SODAP (Self-Organized De...

In CSCL systems, students who are solving problems in group have to negotiate with each other by exchanging proposals and arguments in order to resolve the conflicts and generate a shared solution. In this context, argument construction assistance is necessary to facilitate reaching to a consensus. This assistance is usually provided with isolated arguments by demand, but this does not offer st...

1 Yannis Arvanitis is a Research Economist ([email protected]), African Development Bank. The author is grateful to Ron Leung and Issa Faye for fruitful discussions and useful comments, as well as to Defo Nelly Elza and Femi Adewole from Shelter Afrique, Kola Dairo and Subha Nagarajan for their peer reviews. The author is also thankful to Ahmed Jeridi for statistical assistance. Chief Econom...

Software project development can be improved if assistance is provided to ensure furtherance in development. This paper reviews diierent kinds of assistance one can expect from a software development environment. Then, we propose concepts for sofware process modeling and we show how the resulting modeling can be used to achieve the diierent kinds of assistance. We relate our proposal to the fra...

Acknowledgments This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grants #31-63894.00 and #3100A0-103993/1. We thank Prof. G.M. Innocenti for helpful comments and valuable suggestions, and Ms. D. Polzik for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful to our peer-reviewers for their meaningful comments on the manuscript. MK and EF contributed equally to this work....

The Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine is extremely grateful for the time, hard work and support of its highly-qualified peer reviewers. The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation and BioMed Central would like to show our appreciation by thanking the following people for their ...

Purpose: A variation in squatting technique is using arms to actively push the bar up with the upper limbs which is common in bodybuilding. This study aimed to compare the Electromyography (EMG) activity of selected muscles during squat with and without upper limb assistance. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Fifteen healthy male power lifters (using the convenience sampling method...