Double pylorus (DP) is a rare condition that is usually discovered incidentally through an upper endoscopy (UE) examination. While acquired DP, which is the most common type, often develops as a complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), congenital DP can be isolated associated with other congenital abnormalities such as heterotopic pancreatic tissue or gastric duplication [1, 2]. This article...

Presenter: Paula Morgade MD | Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Background: The pancreas develops from two separate intestinal outlines, one dorsal and ventral. Main pancreatic duct arises the tail of crosses gland. Throughout its journey, smaller ducts flow into it. Accessory drains anterior superior portion head directly duodenum through lesser papilla or Wirsung. Pancreas divisum is mo...

A patient with annular pancreas presenting with severe upper abdominal pain is discussed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was diagnostic, with successful injection of major and minor papillae showing pancreas divisum, an annular duct emptying at the major papilla and changes of severe chronic pancreatitis in all duct systems. Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy gave c...

Some patients with pancreas divisum (PD) develop symptoms of recurrent pancreatitis. This is probably caused by insufficient drainage of the pancreatic duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive test reported to be highly accurate in diagnosing PD. Endoscopic minor papilla sphincterotomy is most effective in the treatment of patients with PD and pancreatic stones...

Congenital variants of Pancreas such as Pancreas divisum,annular pancreas,and partial agenisis are seen in 10% of general population.Most of these variants are of no clinical significance and are found incidentally at endoscopy,surgery or autopsy. Magnetic resonanceCholangio Pancreaticography(MRCP) constitutes a valuable tool in the evaluation of Pancreatico Biliary Anomalies. When there is acu...

Since our last publication describing the accuracy budget for NIST-F1 (a laser-cooled Cs fountain primary frequency standard) we have made many improvements resulting in nearly a factor of 2 reduction in the uncertainty in the realization of the SI second. Recently we reported a combined standard fractional uncertainty of 0.67×10.