OBJECTIVE To examine the patterns and predictors of third-degree and fourth-degree laceration in women undergoing vaginal delivery. METHODS We identified a population-based cohort of women in the United States who underwent a vaginal delivery between 1998 and 2010 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Multivariable log-linear regression models were developed to account for patient, obstetric...

BACKGROUND Pubic or perineal shaving is a procedure performed before birth in order to lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous perineal tear or if an episiotomy is performed. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of routine perineal shaving on admission in labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes, according to the best available evidence. SEARCH STRATEGY The register of clinical t...

Perineal hernia is the protrusion of an intra-abdominal structure into the perineal area, that could be primitive or secondary to trauma or abdominoperineal resection. Main treatment could be transabdominal, transperineal or combined. Here is a rare case of anterior perineal hernia in a young saxophone male patient, treated with a mininvasive perineal approach. A 25-year-old Caucasian male pati...

OBJECTIVE To report the unusual occurrence of a perineal lipoblastoma presenting as a painless enlarging mass in an infant. CASE PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 7-month-old boy presented with a 6-month history of an asymptomatic progressively enlarging perineal mass. Imaging studies were unable to provide a diagnosis. Complete resection of the mass was achieved and there was no recurrence at ...

cardiac laceration from blunt thoracic trauma is not a common presentation. the rate of mortality due to this injury is very high since it is not diagnosed and treated immediately. in this study, we present the case of a 65-year-old man with blunt cardiac trauma, causing right atrial rupture and pericardial tamponade. successful management of this patient was firstly done with initial pericardi...

BACKGROUND Entonox (N2O2) which is an inhalational gas for relieving labor pain is commonly used intermittently; however some women are interested in continuous breathing in face mask. So we decided to compare the complications induced by two methods to find out whether it is safe to permit the mothers to use Entonox continuously or not. PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized clinical trial was...

OBJECTIVE To describe the current practice, experience, and confidence of Canadian obstetricians in the management of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and to explore the need for national practice guidelines on this topic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, Internet-based survey between December 2010 and March 2011. The survey was initially tested among a sample population and t...

OBJECTIVE To perform trend analysis of primary midwife-led delivery care for 'low risk' pregnant women at our hospital. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed to examine trends and outcomes of labor under primary midwife-led delivery care at the Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital between 2008 and 2012. RESULTS During the study period, the rate of deliveries initial...