Claraia Bittner, 1901 is a prominent extinct bivalve genus of the Permian-Triassic transition (Newell and Boyd, 1995). Although it first appeared in Wuchiapingian (Late Permian; Fang Zong-Jie, 2010), its massive proliferation immediate wake end-Permian mass extinction makes archetype cosmopolitan eurytopic disaster species hallmark base Triassic (e.g., Schubert Bottjer, Diener (1923, p. 38) fix...

[1] Two recent studies [Hotinski et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2001] have modeled and discussed Late Permian ocean circulation and oxygenation. These studies have reached significantly different conclusions. Zhang et al. [2001] find that a ‘‘thermal mode’’ ocean circulation driven by cooling in polar latitudes is unlikely to support deep-sea anoxia, but a ‘‘haline mode’’ ocean circulation, a shal...

Pedogenic goethites in each of two Early Permian paleosols appear to record mixing of two isotopically distinct CO2 components—atmospheric CO2 and CO2 from in situ oxidation of organic matter. The C values measured for the Fe(CO3)OH component in solid solution in these Permian goethites are 13.5‰ for the Lower Leonardian ( 283 Ma BP) paleosol (MCGoeth) and 13.9‰ for the Upper Leonardian ( 270 M...

The Bonaparte Gulf Basin Province (USGS #3910) of northern Australia contains three important hydrocarbon source-rock intervals. The oldest source-rock interval and associated reservoir rocks is the Milligans-Carboniferous, Permian petroleum system. This petroleum system is located at the southern end of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and includes both onshore and offshore areas within a northwest to so...

We welcome the examination by Marshall (1) of our study (2), particularly his corrected statistical analysis of confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges, which we accept. We believe, however, that in the process he has misinterpreted both our original data and his own reanalysis. We argued for both gradual and abrupt aspects to the Permian-Triassic (P-T) extinction, whereas Marshall suggest...

EDITORIAL article Front. Earth Sci., 23 September 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.772688

Ancient mass extinction events such as the end-Permian and endTriassic crises provide analogues for multistressor global change of ocean warming, pH reduction, and deoxygenation. Organism physiology is hypothesized to be a key trait influencing vulnerability to these stressors, but it is not certain how physiology predicts survival over evolutionary time scales and when organisms are faced with...