Abstract On an evolutionary time scale, competition for food drives species formation by genetic adaptations to the environment and subsequent niche separation. a short-term animals use different strategies meet their nutritional requirements, which ultimately influence fitness. Understanding these in herbivores is especially important temperate climates where have adapted both physiologically ...

Pestiviruses infect a wide range of domestic, captive and free-living ruminants. Among domestic livestock, Border disease virus is a well recognised cause of an important congenital disease of sheep in virtually all sheep-rearing countries of the world. The clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology and control of this disease are described in detail. One natural outbreak of Border d...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. About 17% of the Swedish population is immune to HEV, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. However, clinical hepatitis E may also be overlooked. For identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. In order to identify whether H...

Abstract We describe fossils of a new species fallow deer, Dama celiae . It is the end member lineage farnetensis–D. vallonnetensis–D. roberti–D. , which reduced number points antler from four to two, while parallel leading living deer evolved more complex and palmate antlers. The are localities Pedro Jaro I Orcasitas in + 25–30-m terrace Manzanares river, correlated MIS9 (337–300 ka) also yiel...

BACKGROUND Deer are an important wildlife species in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland having colonised most regions across the island of Ireland. In comparison to cattle and sheep which represent the main farmed ruminant species on the island, there is a lack of data concerning their exposure, as measured by the presence of antibodies, to important viral pathogens of ruminants....

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemics recur in Israel almost every year. Wild even-toed ungulates are seldom affected during these epidemics. The seroprevalence of FMD in wild ungulates during 2000 and 2005-2013 was estimated using anti-non-structural proteins ELISA. Overall, 209 samples were tested, comprising sera of 120 wild boar (Sus scrofa lybicus), 64 mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella g...