Existing finance literature is inadequate with respect to its coverage of the capital structure of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). This lack of coverage means that SMEs are provided with little or no guidance for optimising their cost of capital. This paper is an attempt to provide such guidance. For unlisted SMEs the cost of equity cannot be derived from the capital market, nor can ...

Financial literacy plays an essential role in the process of making financial decisions, as it represents a systematic effort aimed at development positive knowledge, and attitude. Extant literature indicates that among football players is low which ultimately affects their investment decisions. Therefore, purpose this study was to determine influence on personal decisions KPL Nairobi. The guid...

the aim of this study was to examine sport commitment model in women participating in sport activities. the population of this study consisted of all women (n=6000) who participated in sport activities in mashhad municipality. 526 subjects were studied as the sample. the demographic and sport commitment model (scanlan, 1993) questionnaires were used to collect the data. findings indicated that ...

model of the type used to forecast the effects on an industry of changes in the national economy is described. The components representing input data and the type of output from such a model are discussed. This paper is intended as a tutorial discussion of an advanced application in data processing. Input-output models are used to forecast various effects that can occur to an industry as it int...

In this issue of the Journal, Jenkins et al (1)—from the University of Toronto, Unilever, and the Almond Board of California—present the results of a provocative comparison of 3 cholesterol-lowering interventions: a low-fat vegetarian diet, the same diet combined with 20 mg of the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin, and a diet containing a “portfolio” of foods with enhanced cholesterol-loweri...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o We modify a canonical participation game used to study International Environmental Agr...

Obesity surgery is the most effective treatment method for the severely obese but does not work for everyone. Indications are that weight-loss success may be related to individuals' sense of investment in surgery, with failure linked to higher automatic hedonic motivations to consume food and greater susceptibility to food in the environment. A pilot study using an independent experimental desi...

The omnipresence of technology combined with the widespread embrace of online communication has undoubtedly created a subculture of ‘always on’. Indeed, experts have revealed that online interaction and information invokes a ‘dopamine squirt’ similar in effect to that of narcotics abuse. Prior research has established that online interaction through computers and mobile devices gives the feelin...

The present study has two purposes. First, we wish to test the descriptive power of the Nash equilibrium solution in a traffic network game with a new population of participants and a different experimental procedure. Second, we wish to determine whether the effects of prior investment and personal responsibility, that may lead people to commit to a failing project, may be generalized from indi...