The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill affected more than 2000 km of shoreline. DWH oil entered the nearshore environment, stranding on shorelines as tar balls and/or emulsified oil, or forming submerged oil mats and integrating into nearshore sediments. The available chemistry data showed submerged sediments, especially within the first 50 m from oiled shorelines, displayed patchy distributions...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the priority controlling list of US EPA were systematically evaluated in surface sediments in Dianchi Lake and its estuaries. Total PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) varied from 210 to 11,070 ng/g dry weight (d.w.) in Dianchi Lake, and from 230 to 12,271 ng/g d.w. in the estuaries. ΣPAHs in sediments from Caohai section were higher than those from Waihai sect...

Tourism-related activities such as the heavy use of boats for transportation are a significant source of petroleum hydrocarbons that may harm the ecosystem of Langkawi Island. The contamination and toxicity levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the sediments of Langkawi were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Ten samples were collected ...

Surface soil samples were collected from Sarcheshmeh Copper Smelter Plant and analyzed for 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs), and heavy metals to determine their concentrations, distributions, and probable sources of contamination. The mean concentrations of ΣPAHs, As, Pb, Zn, Se, Cd, and Cr in the soil samples were 878.8, 850, 2185, 2...

IN · RECENT YEARS the Hawaiian Islands have become of great importance in studies concerned with igneous petrogenic theory. This is partly because of the total absence in that region of sialic crust that might affect the formation of other rock types by its assimilation in rising magma. Partly, also, it is because of the extensive lateral and vertical exposure of successions of rocks, the struc...

A novel method was developed to determine carbon atom density as a function of depth by analyzing the postedge signal in near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra. We show that the common assumption in the analysis of NEXAFS data from polymer films, namely, that the carbon atom density is constant as a function of depth, is not valid. This analysis method is then used to calcul...

The relative changes between shear and compressional velocities (RSP = o ln VS/o ln VP), bulk sound and shear velocities (RCS = o ln VC/o ln VS), and density versus shear wave velocity (RqS = o ln q/o ln VS) in response to thermal and chemical variations were investigated for the pyrolitic lower mantle. For heterogeneities with thermal origins, RSP increases from 1.7 to 2.0 together with RqS de...