To compare bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) with high dose dexamethasone (HDD) and CRH testing (using recently proposed stringent response criteria) in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, we reviewed 53 consecutive cases. The main analysis was limited to 45 cases with confirmed diagnosis: 44 with pituitary dependency, proven by confirmatory histolog...

Petrosal bones representing “Zhelestidae” and Kulbeckia (“Zalambdalestidae”) were recovered from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and are formally described. The “zhelestid” petrosal retains several characters ancestral to eutherians (if not more basally in the mammalian phylogeny), including a prootic canal, a lateral flange, and a less elliptical fenestra vestibuli. The only other eutherian ...

Brainstem edema caused by traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) is rare, and there is little information available regarding its clinical characteristics. The present report describes the case of a 51-year-old man with TCCF, who presented with right exophthalmos and intracranial bruit for 1 week. One month prior to admission at hospital, he fractured the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Digita...

Two main vascular routes supply the brain, internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and vertebral arteries. The external artery (ECA) mainly supplies skin, muscle, skull; thus, neurointerventionalists should be aware of ECA‐ICA, ECA‐vertebral artery, extracranial–intracranial anastomoses. These anastomoses are not newly formed but that remnants developmental processes. During development, ICA has with ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of virtual reality technology in anatomical study of inner structures of petrosal bones, the comparison of three dimensional (3-D) virtual microanatomy and actual microanatomy of petrosal bone was carried out. METHODS: The experiment was divided into two groups, virtual group and corpus group, each group with 20 cases. In the virtual group, images data of ...