Policy-makers throughout Europe and beyond have been working to develop and implement, and further adjust, the most appropriate mix of policy measures in pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement to ensure equitable access to medicines despite limited budgets. The experience with policies in other countries is highly valuable information for them. In order to support policy-makers, the Pharmaceu...

The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies supports and promotes evidence-based health policy-making through comprehensive and rigorous analysis of health systems in Europe. It brings together a wide range of policy-makers, academics and practitioners to analyse trends in health reform, drawing on experience from across Europe to illuminate policy issues. Keywords: LEGISLATION, DRU...

BACKGROUND Access to medicines and the development of a strong national pharmaceutical industry are two longstanding pillars of health policy in Brazil. This is reflected in a clear emphasis by Brazil's Federal Government on improving access to medicine in national health plans and industrial policies aimed at promoting domestic pharmaceutical development. This research proposes that such polic...

BACKGROUND The relationship between health professionals and the pharmaceutical industry has become a source of controversy. Physicians' attitudes towards the industry can form early in their careers, but little is known about this key stage of development. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a systematic review reported according to PRISMA guidelines to determine the frequency and nature of me...

The significance of R&D capabilities of China has become increasingly important as an emerging force in the context of globalization of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). While China has prospered in its R&D capability in the past decade, how to integrate the rising pharmaceutical R&D capability of China into the global development chain for innovative drugs remains challenging. For...

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