Scanning X-ray microprobes are unique tools for the nanoscale investigation of specimens from the life, environmental, materials and other fields of sciences. Typically they utilize absorption and fluorescence as contrast mechanisms. Phase contrast is a complementary technique that can provide strong contrast with reduced radiation dose for weakly absorbing structures in the multi-keV range. In...

This paper demonstrates experimentally how quantitative phase information can be obtained in scanning holographic microscopy. Scanning holography can operate in both coherent and incoherent modes, simultaneously if desired, with different detector geometries. A spatially integrating detector provides an incoherent hologram of the object's intensity distribution (absorption and/or fluorescence, ...

An efficient, stable and reliable system to detect the unknown phase of the input sinusoidal signal is presented. The proposed design is a feedback loop consists of subtractor, peak detector and direct digital synthesizer (DDS). DDS generates a sinusoidal signal with the same frequency of input signal and with initial zero phase. An error signal is the output of subtracor after subtracting DDS ...

We describe here a technique called phase tracking that greatly improves the accuracy of measurements of the membrane capacitance of single cells. We have modified the original phase detection technique to include a method for creating calibrated changes in the resistance in series with the cell. This provides a method to automate the adjustment of the phase detector to the appropriate phase an...

These proceedings present the design, construction and engineering run status of the Event Plane Detector (EPD) upgrade at the STAR experiment. The EPD is a key detector for the upcoming beam energy scan (BES-II) program at the STAR experiment. During the first phase of the beam energy scan (BES-I), the STAR collaboration investigated observables as a of function beam energy in order to map the...

This paper describes a method to enhance the capability of two-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry. By introducing the phase data of a third wavelength, one can measure the phase of a very steep wave front. Experiments have been performed using a linear detector array to measure surface height of an off-axis parabola. For the wave front being measured the optical path difference between ad...

This paper introduces a new-type Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) for Charge-Pump based Phase-Looked-loops (CPPLLs). Dead zone in a phase-frequency detector reduces the input detection range and make worse cycle slips. This brief analyzes the blind zone in latch-based PFDs and proposes a technique that removes the blind zone caused by the pre-charge time of the internal nodes. With the proposed t...

A highly-integrated optical phase-locked loop with a phase/frequency detector and a single-sideband mixer (SSBM) has been proposed and demonstrated for the first time. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) has been designed, fabricated and tested, together with an electronic IC (EIC). The PIC integrates a widely-tunable sampled-grating distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, an optical 90 degree hybri...

H. J. De Los Santos et al., Radio Systems Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07326-2_2, © The Authors 2015 Abstract In this chapter, we present a number of topics surrounding modulation and demodulation. We begin by introducing system-level block diagrams of AM and FM/PM modulators and demodulators, and explaining their respective principles of operation. In particular, under the topic of AM Mo...