Recent results in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) power management research suggest that battery energy capacity requirements may be reduced through proper power management algorithm design. Specifically, algorithms which blend fuel and electricity during the charge depletion phase using smaller batteries may perform equally to algorithms that apply electric-only operation during charge ...

The recently emerging multi-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology is one of the pathways making contributions to decarbonization, and its energy management requires multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) control. At present, existing methods usually decouple MIMO control into single-output (MISO) can only achieve local optimal performance. To optimize globally, this paper studie...

Abstract The use of electric vehicles (EV) has begun to be widely used and is predicted continue increase. It a positive impact on some aspects the economy society. Still, it negative impacts, especially environmental aspect, such as hazardous toxic waste, huge water footprint, exploitation material for production process, which cause damage ecosystems. This study aims figure out advantages dis...