muscle fatigue assessment has been the basis of numerous studies, specifically, in neuromuscular rehabilitation and the applications of fessystems. various emgbased techniques, in time and frequency domains, have been investigatedover years for the detection and evaluationof this phenomenon. the main objective of this study has beento evaluate the efficiency of applying a number of techniques w...

The role of private health insurance (PHI) within the Australian health-care system is urgently in need of comprehensive review. Two decades of universal health cover under Medicare have meant a change in the function of PHI, which is not reflected in policies to support PHI nor in the public debate around PHI. There is increasing evidence that the series of policy adjustments introduced to sup...

Antigen-presenting macrophages (M phi) were derived from day 7 cultures of bone marrow stem cells using L cell conditioned medium. The adherent bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi) were 100% esterase-positive, 95% positive for C3 receptors, 93% positive for Fc receptors, and 95% actively phagocytic. Indirect immunofluorescence using anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies resulted in 60% Ia-positive...

Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and VIP are derived from the same precursor. While central VIP decreases food intake, potential effects of PHI on feeding have not been studied. In the current study, we found that PHI administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) or into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) decreased food consumption in overni...

Duodenal mucosal defense was assessed by measuring blood flow and epithelial intracellular pH (pHi) of rat proximal duodenum in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy was used to measure epithelial pHi using the trapped, pHi-indicating dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-AM. Blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. The mucosa was briefly superfused with NH4Cl, pH 2.2 buffe...

We used the intracellular absorbance spectrum of the dye 4',5'-dimethyl-5- (and -6-) carboxyfluorescein (Me2CF) to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in the isolated, perfused cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of the rabbit nephron. The incident spot of light was generally 10 micron in diameter, large enough to illuminate from two to six cells. No attempt was made to distinguish principal from inter...

The Prostate Health Index (PHI) has been used increasingly in the context of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics since 2010. Previous studies have shown an association between PHI and a tumor volume of >0.5 cm³. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between PHI and tumor volume as well as the Gleason score. A total of 196 selected patients with prostate cancer treated with radi...

Yeast strains expressing heterologous L-lactate dehydrogenases can produce lactic acid. Although these microorganisms are tolerant of acidic environments, it is known that at low pH, lactic acid exerts a high level of stress on the cells. In the present study we analyzed intracellular pH (pHi) and viability by staining with cSNARF-4F and ethidium bromide, respectively, of two lactic-acid-produc...

The nests of embryonic turtles naturally experience elevated CO2 (hypercarbia), which leads to increased blood PCO2  and a respiratory acidosis, resulting in reduced blood pH [extracellular pH (pHe)]. Some fishes preferentially regulate tissue pH [intracellular pH (pHi)] against changes in pHe; this has been proposed to be associated with exceptional CO2 tolerance and has never been identified ...

The interiors of cells are crowded, thus making it important to assess the effects of macromolecules on the folding of proteins. Using the self-organized polymer (SOP) model, which is a coarse-grained representation of polypeptide chains, we probe the mechanical stability of ubiquitin (Ub) monomers and trimers ((Ub)(3)) in the presence of monodisperse spherical crowding agents. Crowding increas...