The purification of the alkaline phosphatases of cow's milk and calf intestinal mucosa as previously described (Morton, 1950, 1953a, 1954a) was initiated in order to enable investigation of the properties of these enzymes. The need for such a study has been well recognized (see Moog, 1946, for example), but hitherto all work has been carried out with crude or partially purified enzyme preparati...

Cancer research has seen tremendous changes over the past decade. Fast progress in sequencing technology has afforded us with landmark genetic alterations, which had immediate impact on clinical science and practice by pointing to new kinase targets, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the EGF receptor, or BRAF. The PI3K pathway for growth control has emerged as a prime example for both o...

We developed a method for the detection of phosphatase activity using fluorogenic substrates after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When phosphatases such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), and alkaline phosphatase were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of SDS and the gel was...

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs), intracellular calcium release channels required for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, are macromolecular complexes that include kinases and phosphatases. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a key role in regulating the function of many ion channels, including RyRs. However, the mechanism by which kinases and phosphatases are targeted to ion channels is not...

Every year three million people die as a result of bacterial infections, and this number may further increase due to resistance to current antibiotics. These antibiotics target almost all essential bacterial processes, leaving only a few new targets for manipulation. The host proteome has many more potential targets for manipulation in order to control bacterial infection, as exemplified by the...

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is widely considered to be one of the cellular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the most intensely studied form of synaptic plasticity, in part because it can be induced at glutamatergic synapses in the mammalian brain, including the hippocampus, a structure known for its involvement in memory function. LTP can ...

Enzyme-catalysed reversible protein phosphorylation is an important cellular regulatory mechanism (Nimmo & Cohen, 1977; Krebs & Beavo, 1979). Regulatory protein phosphorylation occurs most frequently on seryl and threonyl residues (Taborsky, 1974), and less frequently, on tyrosyl residues (Hunter, 1982). Protein phosphotyrosine [Tyr(P)] normally accounts for only 0.01-0.050o of the total protei...

ence of two aberrant histopathological structures: the senile plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles. In the decade of the 1980s it was described that A peptide is the major component of senile plaques [1]. Also, in the same decade, the pioneer works of GrundkeIqbal et al. described the presence of tau [2], in hyperphosphorylated form [3], in the neurofibrillary tangles. Thus, two main feature...

Because the liver carries out such a large number of important syntheses, it seems very.desirable to study the synthetic processes of this organ in vitro. However, there is considerable uncertainty in such studies because of the “notorious liver phosphatases,” which presumably could interfere with syntheses by breaking down ATP’ or any phosphorylated intermediates. In order to ascertain, if pos...

Circadian clocks in eukaryotes keep time via cell-autonomous transcriptional feedback loops. A well-characterized example of such a transcriptional feedback loop is in Drosophila, where CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) complexes activate transcription of period (per) and timeless (tim) genes, rising levels of PER-TIM complexes feed-back to repress CLK-CYC activity, and degradation of PER and TIM permits t...