Saturated aza-heterocycles are highly privileged building blocks that are commonly encountered in bioactive compounds and approved therapeutic agents. These N-heterocycles are also incorporated as chiral auxiliaries and ligands in asymmetric synthesis. As such, the development of methods to functionalize the α-methylene C-H bonds of these systems enantioselectively is of great importance, espec...

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in nature and has a broad range of applications in the pharmaceutical, food and biomedical fields. This review article describes the functionalization conditions, crosslinking agents, reaction pathways and the resulting physicochemical and mechanical properties of functionalized cellulose derivatives. The discussion is focused on aqueous reactions and c...

We use the topological sub-structural molecular design (TOPS-MODE) approach to formulate structural alert rules for chromosome aberration (CA) of organic compounds. First, a classification model was developed to group chemicals as active/inactive respect to CA. A procedure for extracting structural information from orthogonalized TOPS-MODE descriptors was then implemented. The contributions of ...

Methyl esters were synthesized from crude karanj oil (CKO) by single step esterification with methanol using sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) and phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)) as catalysts in a homogeneous batch process. H(3)PO(4) was less active than H(2)SO(4) during the process as it presented very low ester yields (<20%) for the various molar ratios of fatty acid to alcohol studied. With H(2)SO(4) as...

The metabolic profiles of Cordyceps bassiana according to fruiting body developmental stage were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We were able to detect 62 metabolites, including 48 metabolites from 70% methanol extracts and 14 metabolites from 100% n-hexane extracts. These metabolites were classified as alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phosphoric acids, purine nucl...

Graphite intercalation compounds are formed by inserting guest molecules or ions between sp(2)-bonded carbon layers. These compounds are interesting as synthetic metals and as precursors to graphene. For many decades it has been thought that graphite intercalation must involve host-guest charge transfer, resulting in partial oxidation, reduction or covalent modification of the graphene sheets. ...

Direct benzoylation of the two hydroxyl groups on chitosan was achieved using a phosphoryl mixed anhydride system, derived from trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), benzoic acids (BAs), and phosphoric acid (PA). The reaction is operated as a one pot process under mild conditions that does not require neither an inert atmosphere nor dry solvents. The structures of the synthesized compounds were con...