conclusions vancomycin nephrotoxicity is common but usually reversible and has readily manageable adverse effect. urine kim-1 was not more accurate than serum or urine creatinine in detecting vancomycin nephrotoxicity in our study population. results thirteen out of the 52 recruited patients (25%) developed nephrotoxicity, with a mean ± standard deviation onset of 11.46 ± 7.56 days. furosemide ...

This paper reviews over 30 years of work on photonic analog-to-digital converters. The review is limited to systems in which the input is a radio-frequency (RF) signal in the electronic domain and the output is a digital version of that signal also in the electronic domain, and thus the review excludes photonic systems directed towards digitizing images or optical communication signals. The sta...

In this paper using nested Rectangular resonator we have designed an add-drop filter based on photonic crystal structures suitable for optical communication applications. The drop efficiency and the quality factor of our proposed filter is 100% and 2508. In this filter the quality factor is significantly improved with respect to other published reports. The simulation results are obtained using...

Nanotechnology is a new, just incipient field of science and engineering, in which substances are controlled at an atomic or molecular level. Because new substances with a prescribed atomic and molecular structure are created in nanotechnologies by means of controlled manipulation with atoms and molecules, the use of multiscale atomistic simulation methods is of fundamental necessity. Hierarchi...

Photonic crystals, in which the refractive index changes periodically, provide an exciting tool for the manipulation of photons and have made substantial progresses in recent years. In this presentation, I will discuss recent progresses in photonic-crystal researches including (i) two-dimensional photonic-crystal cavities and waveguides, (ii) three-dimensional photonic crystals, and (iii) two-d...

In this article, we suggested a novel design of polarization splitter based on coupler waveguide on InP substrate at 1.55mm wavelength. Photonic crystal structure is consisted of two dimensional (2D) air holes embedded in InP/InGaAsP material with an effective refractive index of 3.2634 which is arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The photonic band gap (PBG) of this structure is determined using t...

On the basis of Maxwell's equations and a plane wave expansion method, photonic band structure is computed for 3D chalcogenide photonic crystal with diamond lattice. The geometrical influence on the photonic bandgap is studied for three dimensional chalcogenide photonic crystal of diamond lattice for both chalcogenide spheres in air and air spheres in chalcogenide background. The air spheres in...

The interaction between anharmonic quantum emitters (e.g., molecular vibrations) and confined electromagnetic fields gives rise to states with optical chemical properties that are different from those of their precursors. exploration these has been typically constrained the first excitation manifold, harmonic approximation, ensembles two-level systems [Tavis-Cummings (TC) model], or single-mole...