Shortage of electricity is one of the main problem in the development of rural areas in Pakistan. Photovoltaic techniques are generally attaining an escalating attention and they're to become very competitive alternative, additionally, environmental issues such as population and global warming impact are attracting experts towards green electricity sources such as solar systems. A standout amon...

Due to the high dependence of photovoltaic energy efficiency on environmental conditions (temperature, irradiation...), it is quite important to perform some analysis focusing on the characteristics of photovoltaic devices in order to optimize energy production, even for small-scale users. The use of equivalent circuits is the preferred option to analyze solar cells/panels performance. However,...

Usable electric current can be synthesized from photo electrochemical cells. The unit cells are group together to form a series of solar panel. The arrays of solar panel are generally placed under glass, polymer or plastic as a protection from the weather [1]. The usage of transition metal chalcogenide thin film in solar energy conversion can lead to a good path in developing a bright future fo...

Consumer preferences can serve as an effective basis for determining key product attributes necessary for market success, allowing firms to optimally allocate time and resources toward the development of these critical attributes. However, identification of consumer preferences can be challenging, particularly for technology-push products that are still early on in the technology diffusion S-cu...

Solar energy is certainly an energy source worth exploring and utilizing because of the environmental protection it offers. However, the conversion efficiency of solar energy is still low. If the photovoltaic panel perpendicularly tracks the sun, the solar energy conversion efficiency will be improved. In this article, we propose an innovative method to track the sun using an image sensor. In o...

Usable electric current can be synthesized from photo electrochemical cells. The unit cells are group together to form a series of solar panel. The arrays of solar panel are generally placed under glass, polymer or plastic as a protection from the weather [1]. The usage of transition metal chalcogenide thin film in solar energy conversion can lead to a good path in developing a bright future fo...

This paper proposes a novel application of a chaos particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tracking a maximum power point (MPP) of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel under varying atmospheric conditions. Solar PV cells have a nonlinear V-I characteristic with a distinct MPP which depends on environmental factors such as temperature and irradiation. In order to continuously harvest maximum ...

Abstract: Models for photovoltaic (PV) cells and panels, based on the diode equivalent circuit, have been widely used because they are effective tools for system design. Many authors have presented simplified one-diode models whose three or four parameters are calculated using the data extracted from the datasheets issued by PV panel manufactures and adopting some simplifying hypotheses and num...

A novel buffering method is presented to improve the stability of zinc oxide processed in aqueous solutions. By buffering the aqueous solution with a suitable quantity of sacrificial zinc species, the dissolution offunctional zinc oxide structures and' the formation of unwanted impurities can be prevented. The method is demonstrated for ZnO films and nanowires processed in aqueous solutions use...