Ageing is a fundamental biological process in all living beings. Nowadays as a result of developments in preventive and therapeutic medicine, and improvements in the quality of life, ageing of the population is one of the most important demographic issues. In the elderly, cancer is one of the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity, and its incidence increases with ageing. Sixty percent o...

One of the many conditions associated with ageing is type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of which increases from 20–30 years of age onwards. In many cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by the combination of insulin resistance and poor insulin secretion. Insulin resistance is also a risk factor associated with other disorders, in particular cardiovascular disease. Physiological change...

Ageing is accompanied with a progressive loss of muscle mass and force generating capacity. Ultimately, the muscle wasting and weakness may dramatically impact on mobility and the quality of life, where the elderly has increasing problems with performing activities of daily life, such as rising from a chair or climbing stairs. The rate of structural and functional deterioration of muscle appear...

Ageing is the accumulation of changes over time. Ageing in humans is a multidimensional process including physical and psychosocial changes. Therefore, the management of the oral problems in elderly patients does not depend on the development of new technical skills, but rather on the overall knowledge of age-related and disease-related changes. Moreover, the dentist should be aware of the diff...

Physical exercise can convey a protective effect against cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. While the long-term health-promoting and protective effects of exercise are encouraging, it's potential to induce neuronal and vascular plasticity in the ageing brain is still poorly understood. It remains unclear whether exercise slows the trajectory of normal ageing by modifying vascu...

Background: The population ageing occurring worldwide resulted in multiple researches on sedentary ageing and quality of life. Purpose: To verify the effects of a physical activity programme on the quality of life (QOL) of elderly individuals served by a governmental health programme. Design: Descriptive inquiry research. Methods: randomly distributing 70 elderly individuals in a control group ...

The world’s population is growing older, and therefore a wide array of new challenges is arising. Most of the ageing population is expected to need physical and cognitive assistance. As the elderly population continues to grow, a lot of research started to be dedicated to assistive systems aimed at promoting ageing-in-place, facilitating living independently in one’s own home as long as possibl...

Bone loss occurs when the cellular events of bone formation are quantitatively larger than bone formation. This manuscript discusses the measurement of bone loss, occurrence in the population, risk factors and consequences of bone loss. Recent developments in bone mass measurement and biomarkers have improved our ability to assess bone loss. This process is a normal concomitant of ageing. There...

Physical exercise can convey a protective effect against cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. While the long-term health-promoting and protective effects of exercise are encouraging, it’s potential to induce neuronal and vascular plasticity in the ageing brain is still poorly understood. It remains unclear whether exercise slows the trajectory of normal ageing by modifying vascu...

Cumulative evidence has indicated that there is an important role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function. With the increasing prevalence of cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases among the ageing population, physical exercise, a potent enhancer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has emerged as a potential preventative strategy/treatment to reduce cognitiv...