INTRODUCTION Orthopedic physical therapists employ a wide range of intervention strategies to reduce patients’ pain and improve function. From time to time, new treatment approaches are being introduced to the field of physical therapy. The arrival of manual therapy in the United States is a good example. Although for several decades, manual physical therapy was already an essential part of the...

The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between migraine and physical practice among 480 medical students who were submitted to a questionnaire about headaches and physical practices. Migraine diagnosis was assessed by ID-Migraine and functional disability was evaluated with MIDAS. The type (aerobic or strength training), the weekly frequency and the intensity of physical ...

T' HE idea of this study originated from the establishment of a 1 diagnostic centre in Edinburgh in 1959. Aware that various aspects of general practice are increasingly the subject of discussion and argument but less frequently critically examined, we decided to study the records of 200 patients that one of us, a general practitioner, had examined at the Family Doctor Centre in Edinburgh. Thes...

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common pediatric disorders.In many cases, there is no anatomic endocrineor metabolic cause in explanation of chronic constipation.More than 85% of them called functional or idiopathic.Constipation is one of the serious disease in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Besides the problem it causes, chronic constipation can be the origin of many disease. That...

In the different tests and examinations that are used at a national level in the Netherlands, a variety of equating and linking procedures are applied to maintain assessment standards. This chapter presents an overview of potential sources of information that can be used in the standard setting of tests and examinations. Examples from test practices in the Netherlands are provided that apply so...