Protons are released in pain-generating pathological conditions such as inflammation, ischemic stroke, infection, and cancer. During normal synaptic activities, protons are thought to play a role in neurotransmission processes. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are typical proton sensors in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In addition to ASICs, capsaicin...

A panel of four cell sublines, each selected for resistance to a different antineoplastic agent, has been developed from a human malignant melanoma cell line G3361. Following repeated exposure to escalating doses of the drug of interest, cloned sublines were developed that are 9-fold resistant to cisplatin (G3361/CP), 11-fold resistant to 4-hydroxyperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HC) (G3361/HC), 4-fo...

This study investigates junctions between the ER and plasma membrane (PM) and their effect on PM phosphoinositides. Membranes of the ER are functionally connected to all membranes of the secretory and endocytic pathways via vesicular transport. There is growing evidence that intimate physical contacts between the ER membrane and membranes of other organelles play major roles in interorganelle c...

Mayumi Nagano*, A kiko Hachiya** and Hiroshi Ashihara Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112, Japan Z. Naturforsch. 49c, 742-750 (1994); received June 20/August 25, 1994 Madagascar Periwinkle, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, Pyruvate Kinase. Glycolysis, Phosphate Starvation Pathways involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvat...

Phosphoinositide-specific inositol polyphosphate 5- phosphatase IV has the affinity for PI(3,4,5)P(3) (K(m) = 0.65 microM) that is approximately 10-fold greater than the other inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases, which use this substrate including SHIP, OCRL, and 5ptase II, suggesting that it may be important in controlling intracellular levels of this metabolite. We created cell lines stably...

BACKGROUND We examined the prevalence of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in HIV-infected children in the UK to determine the drug's potential clinical utility as a first-line or second-line protease inhibitor (PI). METHODS The prevalence of DRV RAMs, identified from IAS 2010 and Stanford, and the Stanford susceptibility score, were estimated in PI-naiv...

BACKGROUND Correct sagittal alignment with a balanced pelvis and spine is crucial in the management of spinal disorders. The pelvic incidence (PI) describes the sagittal pelvic alignment and is position-independent. It has barely been investigated on CT scans. Furthermore, no studies have focused on the association between PI and facet joint (FJ) arthritis and orientation. Therefore, our goal w...

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder. The post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) occurs in IBS patients with a history of intestinal infection preceding the onset of symptoms. However, the underlying cause of PI-IBS is not fully understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the immune regulatory mechanism of PI-IBS. METHODS Participants enrolled...