T2DM individuals manifest a 2-3 times greater risk of CV events compared to non-diabetics, and CV mortality is responsible for ~70% of total mortality. In T2DM patients without MI, risk of CV death is similar to individuals without diabetes with prior MI.1 Although hyperglycemia is a strong risk factor for microvascular complications, it is a weak risk factor for CV disease (CVD), and intervent...

OBJECTIVE The oral antidiabetic agent pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and appears to lower atherogenic dense LDL in type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance may occur frequently in nondiabetic patients with hypertension. This study is the first to report the effect of pioglitazone on LDL subfractions in normolipidemic, nondiabetic patients with arterial hypertension. ...

OBJECTIVE Pioglitazone, metformin, and gliclazide lower HbA(1c) and fasting plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the effects of these three drugs, used as monotherapy and in combination, on postload glycemia and composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Postload glycemia and CISI were analyzed for 940 patients who had ora...

Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a striking increase in the risk of premature atherosclerosis, a complication preceded by significant subclinical vascular damage. A proposed mechanism leading to accelerated vascular disease in SLE is an imbalance between vascular damage and repair, as patients with this disease display significant abnormalities in phenotype and function ...

The clinical definition of the Insulin Resistance or Metabolic Syndrome is shown in Table 1. Subjects who fulfill these criteria are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program are more clinically relevant because those measurements are readily available. Although those with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose toler...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dose-response effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 58 diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 54 +/- 1 years; 34 men and 24 women; BMI 31.5 +/- 0.6 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=11) or 7.5 mg (n=13), 15 mg (n=...

The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PIO) are insulin-sensitising agents widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thiazolidinediones significantly improve glycaemic control in diabetics by reduced fasting glucose, insulin and glycated haemoglobin and they delay the progression of insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance into T2DM. I...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of metformin and pioglitazone on insulin resistance, ovulation and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. METHODS 100 patients of age 18-30 years were included in this randomised double blind trial for treatment with either metformin or pioglitazone for a period of 6 months. RESULTS Administration of metformin and pioglitazone for 6 months revealed that 50 % ...

UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction:  The present study was designed to determine the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherosclerosis in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS   The study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 48 patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. We assigned...