There are three elements in a plaintiff's prima facie case of individual disparate treatment discrimination: (1) the plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action, (2) the action was linked to the defendant, and (3) the defendant's action was motivated by a protected characteristic of the plaintiff. The third element-the defendant's intent to discriminate-is the most challenging to prove. Thu...

The development of the rental business can not be denied experience a problem along with its development, such as default that occurred between PT. J.Co Donuts & Coffee Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). J. Co (the plaintiff) leased assets from (defendant) in form land and buildings for period 5 years. After defendant made payment term I, did immediately hand over object lease to plaintiff use...

0031-9007= We show that matter effects change the ! oscillation probability by as much as 70% for certain ranges of energies and path lengths. Consequently, the ! survival probability also undergoes large changes. A proper understanding of survival rates must consider matter effects in P as well as P e. We comment on (a) how these matter effects may be observed and the sign of 31 determined in ...

Model a network as an edge-weighted graph, where the (unknown) weight we of edge e indicates the frequency of observed interactions, and over time t we observe a Poisson(twe) number of interactions across edges e. How should we estimate some given statistic of the underlying network? This leads to wide-ranging and challenging problems, on which this article makes only partial progress.

Author traces the history of legal duty in prenatal injury cases and examines the factors which contributed to the expansion and evolution of such duty. Author examines the approaches used by courts in deciding whether to grant a cause of action for prenatal injuries and analyzes recent decisions and what effect they may have on the future prenatal injury litigation.

Little is known about the economics of plaintiff-side law firms, which typically work on a contingency fee basis. We begin here to fill that gap. We report on the fees received by 124 plaintiff-side personal injury firms located in four states (Illinois, Texas, and two additional undisclosed states), and estimate the impact of various statutory fee caps on those firms. At all of the firms, case...

With visual analytical tools becoming more sophisticated and prevalent in the analysis communities, it is now apparent that understanding how analysts utilize these tools is more important than ever. Such understanding can lead to improving the tools, but a more subtle and equally important aspect lies in the discovery of the analysts’ reasoning process for solving complex problems through the ...

The title of my talk, “Living Neoplatonism,” is intentionally ambiguous, for it can refer, first, to Neoplatonism as a living philosophy rather than as a historical artifact embodied in the writings of Plotinus, Proclus, and the rest. And second, it can refer to the practice of living Neoplatonically as a modern way of life. But why Neoplatonism, as opposed to some other philosophy? From my per...

To calculate the expected present value (EPV) of a plaintiff's lifetime cost of care we require a survival distribution or a life table. Several methods for producing an approximate distribution are currently used. The most common of these may be "rating up": a plaintiff with a reduced life expectancy is assigned a rated age, older than the actual age, chosen to give the correct life expectancy...