Protein-deoxyribonucleic acid relaxation complexes have been demonstrated for six Staphylococcus aureus plasmids out of sixteen examined. Four of these encode stretomycin resistence, have molecular weights of about 2.7 x 10(6), and are isolated as supercoiled molecules that are virtally 100% relaxable by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. It is probable that these four isolates represent a ...

We examined the stability of various R plasmids in Vivrio cholerae, and found that many of the R plasmids detected in the bacteria isolated from human and domestic animals were very unstable in this bacterium, but a few of them as well as most of the R plasmids detected in the bacteria from marine as well as fresh water fish were stably maintained in this bacterium. Chloramphenicol, tetracyclin...

1. Mechanism of DNA Mutation, Transfer and Recombination in Bacteria 2. Mutation 2.1. Types of mutations 2.2 DNA damage 2.3 DNA Repair 3. Transformation 3.1. Gram -ve Bacteria 3.2. Low G+C% Gram +ve Bacteria 3.3. High G+C% Gram +ve Bacteria 3.4. Archaea 4. Transduction 4.1. Generalized Transduction 4.2. Specialized Transduction 4.3. Importance of Generalized and Specialized Transduction. 5. Con...

Plasmid DNA hybridization with probes for virulence factors used for basic replicons of plasmids was used to identify the virulence plasmids of a collection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from cattle. The virulence probes were derived from the genes coding for the heat-stable enterotoxin STaP and for the F5 (K99) and F41 fimbrial adhesins. The replicon probes were derived from 16 ...

Abstract Background and Aims Variants in COL4A3, COL4A4 COL4A5 genes were the most common variants associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Split-luciferase-based trimer formation assay of α345 collagen is a technique that test structure by transfect COL4A3/4/5 plasmids into cells. This method was recently used to successfully determine pathogenicity gene Alport syndrome patie...

Bacterial strains isolated from deep-sea amphipods were identified, classified, and screened for plasmid content. Plasmids were common, with 11 of 16 isolates carrying one or more plasmids; these ranged in size from 2.9 to 63 megadaltons. Several of the strains demonstrated distinctly different phenotypic traits yet contained plasmids of the same molecular weight. Results of agarose gel electro...

Despite the fact that the presence of multiple large plasmids is a defining feature of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), such as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), and despite the fact that these bacteria pose a considerable threat to both human and animal health, characterization of these plasmids is still limited. In this study, after successfully curing APEC of its plasmids,...

BACKGROUND Rickettsia species are strictly intracellular bacteria that have undergone a reductive genomic evolution. Despite their allopatric lifestyle, almost half of the 26 currently validated Rickettsia species have plasmids. In order to study the origin, evolutionary history and putative roles of rickettsial plasmids, we investigated the evolutionary processes that have shaped 20 plasmids b...