The longitudinal anal muscle (LAM) has been described as a vertical layer of muscular tissue interposed between the circular layers of the internal (IAS) and external (EAS) anal sphincters. There is, however, no general agreement in the literature on its composition and attachments. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological structure, attachments, and topography of the LAM in or...

A museum may be defined as an institute that displays a collection of artifacts of scientific or artistic significance to a specific group of visitors [1]. Anatomy museums play a dominant role in educating the community regarding the intricacy and structural organization of the human body [2]. The concept of anatomy museum was first conceived by the Edinburg Surgeons during 1700-1763 A.D. A cab...

The method of magnet directed drug delivery of chemotherapy drugs on magnetic nanoparticles is a new form of cancer treatment designed to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and decrease side effects. Prior research has shown that by using one magnet, an inoperable tumor just below the skin can be treated. The next step is to combine multiple electromagnets to dynamically focus the ferrofluid...

D uring 2002 and 2003 there was considerable discussion about the work of Gunter von Hagens, famed for his Body Worlds exhibition, which was publicised extensively and with considerable success. The exhibition is a tribute to, and celebration of, his method of preserving organic life through the process of plastination, developed by von Hagens in the 1980s. The process entails a form of preserv...

In the field of forensic medicine, normally the available materials after sufficiently long period of death will be utilized to determine various body characteristics such as age sex etc for identification of individual.Identification of corpses is a difficult forensic procedure and it is mandated by laws and social rules. Comparison of ante mortem and post mortem medical records, such as denta...

There is a wide range of humane and innovative tools and approaches used in veterinary education and training. Such new methods have been developed by teachers and trainers for pedagogical, economic and ethical reasons. The aim is to create the best quality education, ideally supported by validation of the efficacy of particular tools and approaches, while ensuring that animals are not used har...